Simone Brugiapaglia
The Mathematical Foundations of Deep Learning: From Rating Impossibility to Practical Existence Theorems
Université Concordia
Colloque des sciences mathématiques du Québec
Organisé par le CRM en collaboration avec l’Institut des sciences mathématiques (ISM), le Colloque des sciences mathématiques du Québec offre une tribune à des mathématiciens de grande réputation, qui sont invités à prononcer des conférences d’intérêt actuel et général, et accessibles à l’ensemble de la communauté mathématique québécoise. La tradition veut que ces conférences soient aussi qualitatives et non-techniques que possible afin d’être accessibles aux étudiants aux cycles supérieurs en mathématiques et en statistique.
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Activités scientifiques
10 février 2023 de 15 h 30 à 18 h 30 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
The Mathematical Foundations of Deep Learning: From Rating Impossibility to Practical Existence Theorems
Colloque par Simone Brugiapaglia (Université Concordia)
Deep learning is having a profound impact on industry and scientific research. Yet, while this paradigm continues to show impressive performance in a wide variety of applications, its mathematical foundations are far from being well established. In this talk, I will present recent developments in this area by illustrating two case studies.
First, motivated by applications in cognitive science, I will present “rating impossibility" theorems. They identify frameworks where deep learning is provably unable to generalize outside the training set for the seemingly simple task of learning identity effects, i.e. classifying whether pairs of objects are identical or not.
Second, motivated by applications in scientific computing, I will illustrate “practical existence" theorems. They combine universal approximation results for deep neural networks with compressed sensing and high-dimensional polynomial approximation theory. As a result, they yield sufficient conditions on the network architecture, the training strategy, and the number of samples able to guarantee accurate approximation of smooth functions of many variables.
Time permitting, I will also discuss work in progress and open questions.
Adresse
Centre de recherches mathématiques Pavillon André-Aisenstadt, Université de Montréal Room 5340
17 mars 2023 de 15 h 30 à 16 h 30 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
Sums of the Divisor Function and Random Matrix Distributions
Colloque par Matilde Lalin (Université de Montréal)
The divisor function gives the number of positive divisors of a natural number. How can we go about understanding the behavior of this function when going over the natural numbers? In this talk we will discuss strategies to better understand this function, issues related to the distribution of these values, and connections to the Riemann zeta function and some groups of random matrices.
Adresse
Centre de recherches mathématiques Pavillon André-Aisenstadt, Université de Montréal Room 5340
24 mars 2023 de 15 h 30 à 16 h 30 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
Laplace Eigenfunctions and the Frequency Function Method
Colloque par Eugenia Malinnikova (Stanford University)
A classical idea in the study of eigenfunctions of the Laplace-Beltrami operator is that they behave like polynomials of degree corresponding to the eigenvalue. In the first part of the talk we present some recent results on eigenfunctions which confirm this idea. As a corollary, we formulate a local version of the celebrated Courant theorem on the number of nodal domains of eigenfunctions. The second part of the talk is devoted to Dirichlet-Laplace eigenfunctions in subdomains of the Euclidean space. We give a sharp bound of the size of the zero set of eigenfunctions under some mild assumptions on the regularity of the boundary. Versions of the almost monotonicity of the frequency function are important tools for both parts of the talk.
Adresse
Centre de recherches mathématiques Pavillon André-Aisenstadt, Université de Montréal Room 5340
31 mars 2023 de 15 h 30 à 16 h 30 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
Set Theory and Topological Algebra
Colloque par Michael Hrusak (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México-Morelia)
We shall discuss some recent applications of set-theoretic and model-theoretic methods to the study of topological groups. In particular, we shall outline how ultra powers can be used to solve old problems of Comfort and van Douwen and introduce a new set-theoretic axiom to study convergence properties in topological groups. If time permits we may also briefly mention the use of Fraissé theory in the study of groups of homeomorphisms.
Adresse
Centre de recherches mathématiques Pavillon André-Aisenstadt, Université de Montréal Room 5340Horaire des colloques
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Colloques à venir
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| Heure de début | Titre | Conférencier |
|---|---|---|
| 2023-02-10 15:30 | The Mathematical Foundations of Deep Learning: From Rating Impossibility to Practical Existence Theorems | Simone Brugiapaglia (Université Concordia) |
| 2023-03-17 15:30 | Sums of the Divisor Function and Random Matrix Distributions | Matilde Lalin (Université de Montréal) |
| 2023-03-24 15:30 | Laplace Eigenfunctions and the Frequency Function Method | Eugenia Malinnikova (Stanford University) |
| 2023-03-31 15:30 | Set Theory and Topological Algebra | Michael Hrusak (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México-Morelia) |
10 février 2023 de 15 h 30 à 18 h 30 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
The Mathematical Foundations of Deep Learning: From Rating Impossibility to Practical Existence Theorems
Colloque par Simone Brugiapaglia (Université Concordia)
Deep learning is having a profound impact on industry and scientific research. Yet, while this paradigm continues to show impressive performance in a wide variety of applications, its mathematical foundations are far from being well established. In this talk, I will present recent developments in this area by illustrating two case studies.
First, motivated by applications in cognitive science, I will present “rating impossibility" theorems. They identify frameworks where deep learning is provably unable to generalize outside the training set for the seemingly simple task of learning identity effects, i.e. classifying whether pairs of objects are identical or not.
Second, motivated by applications in scientific computing, I will illustrate “practical existence" theorems. They combine universal approximation results for deep neural networks with compressed sensing and high-dimensional polynomial approximation theory. As a result, they yield sufficient conditions on the network architecture, the training strategy, and the number of samples able to guarantee accurate approximation of smooth functions of many variables.
Time permitting, I will also discuss work in progress and open questions.
Adresse
Centre de recherches mathématiques Pavillon André-Aisenstadt, Université de Montréal Room 5340
17 mars 2023 de 15 h 30 à 16 h 30 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
Sums of the Divisor Function and Random Matrix Distributions
Colloque par Matilde Lalin (Université de Montréal)
The divisor function gives the number of positive divisors of a natural number. How can we go about understanding the behavior of this function when going over the natural numbers? In this talk we will discuss strategies to better understand this function, issues related to the distribution of these values, and connections to the Riemann zeta function and some groups of random matrices.
Adresse
Centre de recherches mathématiques Pavillon André-Aisenstadt, Université de Montréal Room 5340
24 mars 2023 de 15 h 30 à 16 h 30 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
Laplace Eigenfunctions and the Frequency Function Method
Colloque par Eugenia Malinnikova (Stanford University)
A classical idea in the study of eigenfunctions of the Laplace-Beltrami operator is that they behave like polynomials of degree corresponding to the eigenvalue. In the first part of the talk we present some recent results on eigenfunctions which confirm this idea. As a corollary, we formulate a local version of the celebrated Courant theorem on the number of nodal domains of eigenfunctions. The second part of the talk is devoted to Dirichlet-Laplace eigenfunctions in subdomains of the Euclidean space. We give a sharp bound of the size of the zero set of eigenfunctions under some mild assumptions on the regularity of the boundary. Versions of the almost monotonicity of the frequency function are important tools for both parts of the talk.
Adresse
Centre de recherches mathématiques Pavillon André-Aisenstadt, Université de Montréal Room 5340
31 mars 2023 de 15 h 30 à 16 h 30 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
Set Theory and Topological Algebra
Colloque par Michael Hrusak (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México-Morelia)
We shall discuss some recent applications of set-theoretic and model-theoretic methods to the study of topological groups. In particular, we shall outline how ultra powers can be used to solve old problems of Comfort and van Douwen and introduce a new set-theoretic axiom to study convergence properties in topological groups. If time permits we may also briefly mention the use of Fraissé theory in the study of groups of homeomorphisms.
Adresse
Centre de recherches mathématiques Pavillon André-Aisenstadt, Université de Montréal Room 5340
Colloques passés
Changer d'affichage
| Heure de début | Titre | Conférencier |
|---|---|---|
| 2023-01-27 15:30 | The distribution of Selmer groups of elliptic curves | Arul Shankar (Université de Toronto) |
| 2023-01-20 15:30 | Ramsey Theory, Sparsity and Limits (Combinatorics and Model Theory) | Jaroslav Nešetřil (Université Charles, Prague) |
| 2023-01-13 15:30 | Sticky Kakeya sets, and the sticky Kakeya conjecture | Joshua Zahl |
| 2022-12-09 15:30 | Ergodic theory of the stochastic Burgers equation | Yuri Bakhtin (New York University) |
| 2022-12-02 15:30 | p-adic methods for solving Diophantine equations | Amnon Besser (Ben Gurion University) |
| 2022-11-25 15:30 | (Almost) all of Entity Resolution | Rebecca Steorts (Université Duke) |
| 2022-11-18 15:30 | Quantitative Stability in the Calculus of Variations | Robin Neumayer (Université Carnegie Mellon) |
| 2022-11-11 15:30 | An equation of Diophantus | Jan Vonk (Université Leiden) |
| 2022-11-04 15:30 | (Conférence Nirenberg) Complexity of Submanifolds and Colding-Minicozzi Entropy | Jacob Bernstein (Johns Hopkins University) |
| 2022-10-28 15:30 | Computer Model Emulation Using Deep Gaussian Processes | Derek Bingham (Simon Fraser University) |
| 2022-10-14 15:30 | (Prix André Aisenstadt 2022) New isoperimetric inequalities and their applications to systolic geometry and minimal surfaces | Yevgeny Liokumovich (Université de Toronto, Canada) |
| 2022-10-07 15:30 | (Prix-CRM-Fields-Pims) Random plane geometry -- a gentle introduction | Balint Virag (University of Toronto) |
| 2022-09-30 15:30 | (Prix SSC) Full likelihood inference for abundance from capture-recapture data: semiparametric efficiency and EM-algorithm | Pengfei Li (University of Waterloo) |
| 2022-09-23 15:30 | A story about pointwise ergodic theorems | Anush Tserunyan (McGill University) |
| 2022-09-16 15:30 | Modularity of Galois representations, from Ramanujan to Serre's conjecture and beyond | Chandrashekhar Khare (UCLA) |
| 2022-09-02 15:30 | Algèbres amassées et théorie des noeuds | Véronique Bazier-Matte (Université Laval) |
| 2022-05-20 15:30 | Mathematical analysis of dilute gases : derivation of the Boltzmann equation, fluctuations and large deviations | Isabelle Gallagher (Ecole Normale Supérieure) |
| 2022-05-06 15:30 | Generic measure preserving transformations and Descriptive Set Theory | Slawomir Solecki (Cornell University) |
| 2022-04-29 15:30 | COVID-19 transmission models in the real world: models, data, and policy | Forrest Crawford (Yale University) |
| 2022-04-22 15:30 | Cactus groups and monodromy | Joel Kamnitzer (University of Toronto) |
| 2022-04-15 15:00 | Quelques aspects des jeux à champ moyen | Pierre Cardaliaguet (Université Paris-Dauphine) |
| 2022-04-08 15:30 | Hidden Variable Model for Universal Quantum Computation with Magic States on Qubits | Robert Raussendorf (UBC) |
| 2022-04-01 14:00 | Gentle algebras, surfaces and a glimpse of homological mirror symmetry | Sibylle Schroll (University of Cologne) |
| 2022-03-25 15:30 | Making mathematics computer-checkable | Heather Macbeth (Fordham university) |
| 2022-03-18 15:30 | The importance of large deviations in non-equilibrium systems | Bernard Derrida (École Normale Supérieure) |
| 2022-03-11 15:30 | Algebra, geometry and combinatorics of link homology | Evgeny Gorksy (UC Davis) |
| 2022-02-18 15:30 | Structure learning for Extremal graphical models | Stanislav Volgushev (University of Toronto) |
| 2022-02-11 15:30 | Sticky particle dynamics | Ryan Hynd (University of Pennsylvania) |
| 2022-02-04 12:00 | Euler systems and the Birch—Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture | Sarah Zerbes (ETH Zürich) |
| 2022-01-28 15:30 | Risk assessment, heavy tails, and asymmetric least squares techniques | Gilles Stupfler (ENSAI) |
| 2022-01-21 14:00 | The commuting variety and generic pipe dreams | Allen Knutson (Cornell University) |
| 2022-01-14 11:00 | Looking at hydrodynamics through a contact mirror: From Euler to Turing and beyond | Eva Miranda (Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Spain) |
| 2021-12-17 10:00 | Nonparametric causal mediation in a time-to-event setting | Yen-Tsung Huang (Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica) |
| 2021-12-10 14:00 | Stark's Conjectures and Hilbert's 12th Problem | Samit Dasgupta (Duke University) |
| 2021-12-03 15:30 | K3 surfaces: geometry and dynamics | Valentino Tosatti (McGill University) |
| 2021-11-26 15:30 | Adventures with Partial Identifi cations in Studies of Marked Individuals | Simon Bonner (University of Western Ontario) |
| 2021-11-19 15:30 | Exploring string vacua through geometric transitions | Tristan Collins (MIT) |
| 2021-11-12 15:30 | Estimating the mean of a random vector | Gabor Lugosi (ICREA-UPF et BSE) |
| 2021-11-05 15:30 | Les mathématiques ont une histoire et une géographie | Louise Poirier (Université de Montréal) |
| 2021-10-29 15:30 | Opinionated practices for teaching reproducibility: motivation, guided instruction and practice | Tiffany Timbers (University of British Columbia) |
| 2021-10-15 15:30 | Entropy along the Mandelbrot set | Giulio Tiozzo (University of Toronto) |
| 2021-10-08 11:00 | (Conférence Nirenberg) Progrès récents sur la conjecture de Kannan-Lovasz-Simonovits (KLS) et le problème des sections de Bourgain II | Yuansi Chen (Duke University) |
| 2021-10-01 11:00 | (Conférence Nirenberg) Convexité et phénomènes de grande dimension | Bo'az Klartag (Weizmann Institute of Science) |
| 2021-09-24 15:00 | Deep down, everyone wants to be causal | Jennifer Hill (NYU Steinhardt) |
| 2021-04-30 15:00 | Knots, polynomials and signatures | Eva Bayer-Fluckiger (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) |
| 2021-04-23 15:00 | Generalized gradients, conservative fields, tame potentials, and deep learning | Adrian Lewis (Cornell University) |
| 2021-04-16 15:00 | Reflected Brownian motion in a wedge: from probability theory to Galois theory of difference equations | Kilian Raschel (Université de Tours) |
| 2021-04-09 15:00 | Insect Flight from Newton’s law to Neurons | Jane Wang (Cornell University) |
| 2021-03-19 15:00 | ABCD asymptotic expansion for lattice Boltzmann schemes and application to compressible Navier Stokes equations | François Dubois (Le CNAM - Paris, Membre IRL-CRM CNRS) |
| 2021-03-12 15:30 | Nonparametric Tests for Informative Selection in Complex Surveys | Jay Breidt (Colorado State University, USA) |
| 2021-02-26 15:00 | Analytic solutions to algebraic equations, and a conjecture of Kobayashi | Jean-Pierre Demailly (Université Grenoble Alpes, France) |
| 2021-02-19 15:30 | Local smoothing for the wave equation | Larry Guth (MIT) |
| 2021-02-12 15:30 | Spatio-temporal methods for estimating subsurface ocean thermal response to tropical cyclones | Mikael Kuusela (Carnegie Mellon University, USA) |
| 2021-02-05 15:00 | Symmetry, barcodes, and Hamiltonian dynamics | Egor Shelukhin (Université de Montréal, Canada) |
| 2021-01-29 15:30 | Small Area Estimation in Low- and Middle-Income Countries | |
| 2021-01-22 15:00 | Mean curvature flow through neck-singularities | Robert Haslhofer (Université de Toronto, Canada) |
| 2020-11-27 15:00 | Moduli of unstable objects in algebraic geometry | Frances Kirwan (Université d'Oxford) |
| 2020-11-20 15:00 | Hodge Theory of p-adic varieties | Wieslawa Niziol (CNRS, Université Sorbonne) |
| 2020-11-13 15:30 | Approximate Cross-Validation for Large Data and High Dimensions | Tamara Broderick (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA) |
| 2020-10-16 15:00 | Trigonometric functions and modular symbols | Nicolas Bergeron (École normale supérieure (Paris), France) |
| 2020-10-09 15:00 | Hodge Theory and Moduli | Phillip Griffiths (Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, USA) |
| 2020-10-02 15:30 | Data Science, Classification, Clustering and Three-Way Data | Paul McNicholas (Université McMaster, Canada) |
| 2020-09-11 16:00 | Machine Learning for Causual Inference | Stefan Wager (Stanford University, USA) |
| 2020-06-19 16:00 | Quantitative approaches to understanding the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection | Morgan Craig (Université de Montréal) |
| 2020-04-17 16:00 | Observable events and typical trajectories in finite and infinite dimensional dynamical systems | Lai-Sang Young (New York University Courant) |
| 2019-05-16 16:00 | Introduction to birational classification theory in dimension three and higher | Jungkay A. Chen (National Taiwan University) |
| 2019-05-10 16:00 | Quantum Jacobi forms and applications | Amanda Folsom (Amherst College) |
| 2019-05-03 16:00 | The stochastic heat equation and KPZ in dimensions three and higher | Lenya Ryzhik (Stanford University) |
| 2019-04-26 16:00 | Distinguishing finitely presented groups by their finite quotients | Alan W. Reid (Rice University) |
| 2019-04-12 16:00 | Linking in torus bundles and Hecke L functions | Nicolas Bergeron (École normale supérieure (Paris), France) |
| 2019-03-29 16:00 | Principal Bundles in Diophantine Geometry | Minhyong Kim (University of Oxford) |
| 2019-03-22 16:00 | Flexibility in contact and symplectic geometry | Emmy Murphy (Northwestern University) |
| 2019-03-19 14:30 | Special Colloquium : A constructive solution to Tarski’s circle squaring problem | Andrew Marks (UCLA) |
| 2019-03-15 16:00 | Persistent homology as an invariant, rather than as an approximation | Shmuel Weinberger (University of Chicago) |
| 2018-11-02 16:00 | The complexity of detecting cliques and cycles in random graphs | |
| 2018-09-28 16:00 | A delay differential equation with a solution whose shortened segments are dense | Hans-Otto Walther (Universität Giessen) |
| 2018-09-21 16:00 | Algebraic structures for topological summaries of data | Ezra Miller (Duke University) |
| 2018-05-04 16:00 | Klein-Gordon-Maxwell-Proca systems in the Riemannian setting | Emmanuel Hebey (Université de Cergy-Pontoise) |
| 2018-04-13 16:00 | Local-global principles in number theory | Eva Bayer-Fluckiger (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) |
| 2018-02-23 16:00 | Cluster theory of the coherent Satake category | Sabin Cautis (University of British Columbia) |
| 2018-02-16 16:00 | Quantum n-body problem: generalized Euler coordinates (from J-L Lagrange to Figure Eight by Moore and Ter-Martirosyan, then and today) | Alexandre Turbiner (UNAM) |
| 2018-02-16 15:30 | The Law of Large Populations: The return of the long-ignored N and how it can affect our 2020 vision | Xiao-Li Meng (Harvard University) |
| 2018-02-09 16:00 | Persistence modules in symplectic topology | Egor Shelukhin (Université de Montréal, Canada) |
| 2018-01-12 16:00 | What is quantum chaos | Semyon Dyatlov (UC Berkeley / MIT) |
| 2017-12-08 16:00 | Primes with missing digits | James Maynard (University of Oxford) |
| 2017-11-24 15:30 | 150 years (and more) of data analysis in Canada | David R. Bellhouse (Western University, London, Ontario) |
| 2017-11-24 15:30 | Complex analysis and 2D statistical physics | Stanislav Smirnov (University of Geneva and Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology) |
| 2017-11-17 16:00 | Recent progress on De Giorgi Conjecture | Jun-Cheng Wei (UBC) |
| 2017-10-27 16:00 | Beneath the Surface: Geometry Processing at the Intrinsic/Extrinsic Interface | Justin Solomon (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) |
| 2017-10-13 16:00 | Supercritical Wave Equations | Avi Soffer (Rutgers University) |
| 2017-09-29 16:00 | The first field | John H. Conway (Princeton University) |
| 2017-09-15 16:00 | Isometric embedding and quasi-local type inequality | Siyuan Lu (Rutgers University, Lauréat 2017 du Prix Carl Herz / 2017 Carl Herz Prize Winner) |
| 2017-05-05 16:00 | From the geometry of numbers to Arakelov geometry | Gerard Freixas (Institut de Mathématiques de Jussieu) |
| 2017-04-21 16:00 | Introduction to the Energy Identity for Yang-Mills | Aaron Naber (Northwestern University) |
| 2017-03-31 16:00 | PDEs on non-smooth domains | Tatiana Toro (University of Washington) |
| 2017-03-17 15:30 | Inference in Dynamical Systems | Sayan Mukherjee (Duke University) |
| 2017-03-10 16:00 | Probabilistic aspects of minimum spanning trees | Louigi Addario-Berry (Université McGill) |
| 2017-02-24 16:00 | Spreading phenomena in integrodifference equations with overcompensatory growth function | Frithjof Lutscher (Université d'Ottawa) |
| 2017-02-10 16:00 | Knot concordance | Mark Powell (UQAM) |
| 2017-01-20 16:00 | The Birch-Swinnerton Dyer Conjecture and counting elliptic curves of ranks 0 and 1 | Christopher Skinner (Princeton University) |
| 2016-12-02 16:00 | Partial differential equations of mixed elliptic-hyperbolic type in mechanics and geometry | |
| 2016-12-01 15:30 | High-dimensional changepoint estimation via sparse projection | Richard Samworth (University of Cambridge) |
| 2016-11-26 16:00 | Around the Möbius function | Maksym Radziwill (McGill University) |
| 2016-11-04 16:00 | The nonlinear stability of Minkowski space for self-gravitating massive fields | Philippe G. LeFloch (Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 6) |
| 2016-10-28 15:30 | Efficient tests of covariate effects in two-phase failure time studies | Jerry Lawless (University of Waterloo) |
| 2016-10-21 16:00 | Integrable probability and the KPZ universality class | Ivan Corwin (Columbia University) |
| 2016-10-14 16:00 | Rigorously verified computing for infinite dimensional nonlinear dynamics: a functional analytic approach | Jean-Philippe Lessard (Centre de recherches mathématiques) |
| 2016-09-30 16:00 | Notions of simplicity in low-dimensions | Liam Watson (Université de Sherbrooke) |
| 2016-09-16 16:00 | Statistical Inference for fractional diffusion processes | B.L.S. Prakasa Rao (CR Rao Advanced Institute, Hyderabad, India) |
| 2016-09-16 16:00 | Cubature, approximation, and isotropy in the hypercube | Nick Trefethen (University of Oxford) |
| 2015-04-09 16:00 | Modular generating series and arithmetic geometry | Stephen S. Kudla (University of Toronto) |
| 2015-04-02 16:00 | Uniqueness of blowups and Lojasiewicz inequalities | William Minicozzi (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) |
| 2015-03-26 16:00 | Left-orderings of groups and the topology of 3-manifolds | |
| 2015-03-19 16:00 | Integrable probability | Alexei Borodin (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) |
| 2015-03-12 16:00 | The upper half-planes | Pierre Colmez (CNRS & Paris VI Jussieu) |
| 2015-03-05 16:00 | Periods | Sophie Morel (Princeton University) |
| 2015-02-26 16:00 | Categorification in representation theory | Alistair Savage (University of Ottawa) |
| 2015-02-19 16:00 | Irrationality proofs, moduli spaces and dinner parties | Francis Brown (IHES, Bures-sur-Yvette) |
| 2015-02-12 16:00 | Influence des côtes sur les courants marins | Laure Saint-Raymond (École normale supérieure, Paris) |
| 2015-02-05 16:00 | Cobordism and Lagrangian topology | |
| 2015-01-29 16:00 | Spectres et pseudospectres | Thomas Ransford (Université Laval) |
| 2015-01-22 16:00 | On the usefulness of mathematics for insurance risk theory - and vice versa | Hansjoerg Albrecher (HEC, Lausanne) |
| 2015-01-15 16:00 | Functional data analysis and related topics | Fang Yao (University of Toronto - Lauréat du Prix CRM-SSC) |
| 2014-12-04 16:00 | Algebraic combinatorics and finite reflection groups | |
| 2014-11-20 16:00 | High-dimensional phenomena in mathematical statistics and convex analysis | Martin Wainwright (University of California, Berkeley) |
| 2014-11-13 16:00 | Recent advances in the arithmetic of elliptic curves | Kartik Prasanna (University of Michigan, Ann Arbor) |
| 2014-11-06 16:00 | The Cubical Route to Understanding Groups | Dani Wise (McGill University) |
| 2014-10-30 16:00 | A Pedestrian Approach to Group Representations | Georgia Benkart (University of Wisconsin-Madison) |
| 2014-10-09 16:00 | Applications of additive combinatorics to homogeneous dynamics | Alex Kontorovich (Rutgers University) |
| 2014-05-02 16:00 | Eigenvarieties | Eric Urban (Columbia University) |
| 2014-04-11 16:00 | Flat surfaces and determinants of Laplaciancs | Alexey Kobotov (Concordia University) |
| 2014-04-04 16:00 | Interaction between internal and surface waves in a two layers fluid | |
| 2014-03-21 16:00 | Small gaps between primes | James Maynard (University of Oxford) |
| 2014-03-14 16:00 | Pretentious multiplicative functions | Dimitris Koukoulopoulos (Université de Montréal) |
| 2014-02-14 16:00 | Tores plats en 3D | Vincent Borrelli (Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1) |
| 2014-02-07 16:00 | Degenerate diffusions arising in population genetics | Charles Epstein |
| 2014-01-17 16:00 | Nondegenerate curves and pentagram maps | Boris Khesin (University of Toronto) |
| 2013-12-13 16:00 | Combinatorics and geometry of KP solitons and application to tsunami | Yuji Kodama (Ohio State University) |
| 2013-11-29 16:00 | Higher Pentagram Maps via Cluster Mutations and Networks on Surfaces | Michael Gekhtman (Université of Notre-Dame) |
| 2013-11-22 16:00 | Exact formulas in random growth | Jeremy Quastel (University of Toronto) |
| 2013-11-15 16:00 | Singular (arithmetic) Riemann Roch Revisited | Henri Gillet (University of Illinois, Chicago) |
| 2013-10-25 16:00 | Un survol élémentaire de la topologie symplectique sans homologie de Floer et sans théorie de jauge. | |
| 2013-10-18 16:00 | The Sato-Tate conjecture | Ram Murty (Queen's University) |
| 2013-09-20 16:00 | Quasiperiodic Schrödinger operators | |
| 2013-04-12 16:00 | Quantum correlations and Tsirelson's problem | Narutaka Ozawa (RIMS, Kyoto University) |
| 2013-04-05 16:00 | Integral structures in p-adic representations | Ehud de Shalit (Hebrew University of Jerusalem) |
| 2013-03-28 16:00 | Moser averaging | Victor Guillemin (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) |
| 2013-03-01 16:00 | Mathematical Models for River Ecosystems | Frithjof Lutscher (Université d'Ottawa) |
| 2013-02-15 16:00 | Eigenproblems, numerical approximation and proof | Nilima Nigam (Simon Fraser University, Canada) |
| 2013-02-08 16:00 | Pentagram Map, Twenty Years After | Sergei Tabachnikov (Pennsylvania State University) |
| 2013-02-01 16:00 | Proof of a 35 Year Old Conjecture for the Entropy of SU(2) Coherent States, and its Generalization | Elliott Lieb (Princeton University) |
| 2013-01-25 16:00 | Global rigidity in contact topology | Sheila Margherita Sandon (CNRS, Nantes and CRM) |
| 2012-12-07 16:00 | Igusa integrals | Yuri Tschinkel (New York University and Simons Foundation) |
| 2012-11-16 16:00 | On the Doi Model for the suspension of rod-like molecules & related equations | Konstantina Trivisa (University of Maryland) |
| 2012-11-02 16:00 | Dissipative motion from a Hamiltonian point of view | Jürg Fröhlich (ETH Zurich) |
| 2012-10-12 16:00 | Symmetry and Reflection Positivity | Rupert Frank (Princeton University and Caltech) |
| 2012-09-21 16:00 | Geometry of complex surface singularities | Walter Neumann (Barnard College, Columbia University) |
| 2012-09-14 16:00 | A glimpse at the differential topology and geometry of optimal transportation | Robert McCann (University of Toronto) |
| 2012-02-03 16:00 | Equivalence relations, random graphs and stochastic homogenization | Vadim Kaimanovich |
| 2012-01-27 16:00 | Rational billiards and the SL(2,R) action on moduli space | Alex Eskin |
| 2012-01-20 16:00 | Rational curves and rational points | Jason Starr |
| 2012-01-13 16:00 | Probabilité et Physique Statistique des Systèmes Désordonnés | Louis-Pierre Arguin |
| 2011-12-16 16:00 | Disordered Bosons: A Complex Geometric Viewpoint | Alan Huckleberry |
| 2011-12-09 16:00 | Balanced Splitting Methods / Infinite Matrices | Gilbert Strang |
| 2011-11-25 16:00 | Groups with good pedigrees, or superrigidity revisited | Alex Furman |
| 2011-11-18 16:00 | Tricks in Spectral Theory | Michael Levitin |
| 2011-11-11 16:00 | Domains with non-compact automorphism groups | Bun Wong |
| 2011-11-04 16:00 | Teichmuller spaces of Riemann surfaces with holes and algebras of geodesic functions | Leonid Chekhov |
| 2011-10-21 16:00 | Divisors on graphs | Sergey Norin |
| 2011-09-30 16:00 | Variation with p of the number of solutions mod p of a system of polynomial equations | Jean-Pierre Serre |
| 2011-09-23 16:00 | On Langlands functoriality | Jayce Getz |
| 2011-09-16 16:00 | Symplectic topology in the large - from Morse to Floer and beyond | |
| 2011-09-15 16:00 | Number Theory and Dynamical Systems: A Survey | |
| 2011-09-09 16:00 | Non-trivial convex bodies with maximal sections of constant volume | Fedor Nazarov |
| 2011-06-10 16:00 | Symplectic homogenization | Claude Viterbo |
| 2011-05-06 16:00 | Embedding questions in Symplectic Geometry | Dusa McDuff |
| 2011-04-15 16:00 | Rubik's Cube in Twenty Moves or Less | Morley Davidson |
| 2011-04-08 16:00 | Conférence du Prix CRM-Fields-PIMS 2011 | Mark Lewis |
| 2011-04-01 16:00 | Number Theory and Dynamical Systems: A Survey | Joseph Silverman |
| 2011-03-25 16:00 | Function theory on symplectic manifolds | Leonid Polterovich |
| 2011-03-18 16:00 | Geometry of measures | Tatiana Toro (University of Washington) |
| 2011-03-11 16:00 | Variational Methods in Materials and Imaging | Irene Fonseca |
| 2011-03-04 16:00 | Some random thoughts about Cauchy's functional equation | Dan Stroock |
| 2011-02-18 16:00 | Representation theory of semisimple groups: classical, quantum, geometric, categorical | Joel Kamnitzer (University of Toronto) |
| 2011-02-11 16:00 | The 5-electron case of Thompson's problem | Richard Schwartz |
| 2011-02-04 16:00 | Mahler measure as special values of $L$-functions | Matilde Lalin (Université de Montréal) |
| 2011-01-28 16:00 | Homotopy Theory and Spaces of Representations | Alejandro Adem |
| 2011-01-14 16:00 | Revisiting fracture mechanics - The variational standpoint | Gilles Francfort |
| 2010-11-26 16:00 | Semi-algebraic optimization theory | |
| 2010-11-19 16:00 | Ramanujan reaches his hand from his grave and snatches your theorems from you | Bruce Bernt |
| 2010-10-29 16:00 | The Thermodynamic Limit of Coulomb Quantum Systems | Mathieu Lewin |
| 2010-10-22 16:00 | Stochastic homogenization and related problems | Claude LeBris |
| 2010-10-15 16:00 | Grand Challenges in Complexity Theory | Alexander Razborov |
| 2010-09-24 16:00 | Pointwise estimates and nonlinear stability of waves | Bjorn Sandstede |
| 2010-09-17 16:00 | Régulation d'évolutions «viables» dans un environnement en avenir incertain | Jean-Pierre Aubin |
| 2010-08-10 16:00 | The average rank of elliptic curves | Manjul Bhargava |
| 2010-04-16 16:00 | Surface Evolution under Curvature Flows - Existence and Optimal Regularity | Panagiota Daskalopoulos |
| 2010-04-09 16:00 | Magnetic monopoles and projective geometry | Nigel Hitchin |
| 2010-03-19 16:00 | Word maps over simple groups | Michael Larsen |
| 2010-03-12 16:00 | Recent progress on the arithmetic of noncongruence modular forms | Winnie Li |
| 2010-03-05 16:00 | Random Schrodinger Operators and Random Matrices | Balint Virag |
| 2010-02-26 16:00 | Iwasawa Theory | John Croates |
| 2010-02-19 16:00 | Large scale behaviour of the continuum random polymer and KPZ | Jeremy Quastel (University of Toronto) |
| 2010-02-12 16:00 | Orbitopes | Frank Sottile |
| 2010-02-05 16:00 | Optimal multidimensional pricing facing informational asymmetry | Robert McCann (University of Toronto) |
| 2010-01-29 16:00 | The Euler-Kronecker constant of a number field | Kumar Murty |
| 2010-01-15 16:00 | The orbifold vertex: counting curves on orbifolds by counting piles of colored boxes | Jim Bryan |
| 2010-01-10 16:00 | Some features and challenges of the Navier-Stokes-alpha-beta equation | Eliot Fried |
| 2010-01-08 16:00 | Diophantine equations: what numbers reveal about shape and structure | Henri Darmon (McGill) |
| 2009-12-18 16:00 | La nouvelle géométrie algébrique réelle | |
| 2009-12-04 16:00 | Galois modules in arithmetic and geometry | Erez Boas |
| 2009-11-27 16:00 | Canonical metrics on Kähler manifolds | Shing-Tung Yau |
| 2009-11-20 16:00 | New Invariants on Algebraic Cycles | James Lewis |
| 2009-11-06 16:00 | Kakeya-Nikodym averages and Lp norms of eigenfunctions | Christopher Sogge |
| 2009-10-30 16:00 | p-adic variation in the theory of automorphic forms | Glenn Stevens |
| 2009-10-09 16:00 | What is a Galois Representation? | Ravi Ramakrishna |
| 2009-09-25 16:00 | Structure of attractors for (a,b)-continued fraction transformations | Svetlana Katok |
| 2009-04-24 16:00 | Ricci Flow, Monge-Ampere Equation and Algebraic Spaces | Gang Tian (Princeton University) |
| 2009-04-17 16:00 | Arithmetic Laplacian | Alexandru Buium (University of New Mexico) |
| 2009-04-03 16:00 | Problème de Riemann-Hilbert sur la sphère et combinatoire des systèmes de racines | Olivier Schiffmann (CNRS ENS Ulm) |
| 2009-03-27 16:00 | Undecidability in Number Theory | Bjorn Poonen (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) |
| 2009-03-20 16:00 | Lecture by André-Aisenstadt 2009 Prize Recipient | Valentin Bloomer (University of Toronto) |
| 2009-03-13 16:00 | Infinitesimal Hilbert 16th Problem | Sergei Yakovenko (Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel, and Fields Institute, Toronto, Canada) |
| 2009-02-20 16:00 | Branching Random Walk and Searching in Trees | Louigi Addario-Berry (Université McGill) |
| 2009-02-13 16:00 | Mathematics in the Light of Metaphor and Ambiguity. | William Byers (Concordia University) |
| 2009-02-06 16:00 | Nonlinear High Dimensional PDE's in High Intensity Laser-matter Interactions-New Mathematics for a New Science. | André D. Bandrauk (Université de Sherbrooke) |
| 2009-01-30 16:00 | Around Tarski's Problems | Alexei Miasnikov (McGill University) |
| 2009-01-23 16:00 | Statistics for the Zeroes and Traces of Zeta Functions over Finite Fields | Chantal David (Concordia University) |
| 2008-12-19 16:00 | Spectral-Galerkin Methods for High-Dimensional PDEs | Jie Shen (Purdue University) |
| 2008-12-12 16:00 | Solvable Schroedinger Equations and Representation theory | Alexander Turbiner (CRM and National University of Mexico, Mexico) |
| 2008-12-05 16:00 | Fundamental Interactions and Classical or Quantum Geometries | Robert Coquereaux (CPT, Luminy-Marseille) |
| 2008-11-28 16:00 | Shape optimization for low eigenvalues of the Laplace operator | Alexandre Girouard (Université Laval) |
| 2008-11-21 16:00 | Turbulence from Statistical Theory to Wigner Measure | Claude Bardos (Université Paris-Diderot (Paris 7)) |
| 2008-11-14 16:00 | Overcrowding and Undercrowding of Random Zeros on Complex Manifolds | Bernard Shiffman (Johns Hopkins University) |
| 2008-11-07 16:00 | Combinatorial Hopf Algebras | Jean-Louis Loday (CNRS, Strasbourg) |
| 2008-10-31 16:00 | Dilute Quantum Gases | Robert Seiringer (Princeton University) |
| 2008-10-24 16:00 | Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics and Smooth Dynamical Systems | David P. Ruelle (Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques) |
| 2008-10-17 16:00 | Random Graphs: New models and the Internet | Svante Janson (Uppsala University) |
| 2008-10-10 16:00 | Visual Chaos: Dispersing, Defocusing, Absolute Focusing and Astigmatism | Leonid Bunimovich (Georgia Institute of Technology) |
| 2008-10-03 16:00 | Some Calculus of Variations Problems in Quantum Mechanics | Elliott Lieb (Princeton University) |
| 2008-09-26 16:00 | PDE aspects of the Navier-Stokes Equations | Vladimir Sverak (University of Minnesota) |
| 2008-09-19 16:00 | Some classes of random Hermitian matrices: F(Tr(V(M)) Instead of Tr(V(M)) | Kenneth McLaughlin (The University of Arizona) |
| 2008-09-12 16:00 | The Algebra and Geometry of Random Surfaces | Andrei Okounkov (Princeton University) |
| 2008-09-05 16:00 | Stability and Compactification of the Moduli of Abelian Varieties | Iku Nakamura (Hokkaido University) |
| 2008-04-25 16:00 | New Ricci flow invariant curvature conditions and applications | Burkhard Wilking (Mathematisches Institut der Uni Munster) |
| 2008-04-18 16:00 | Flexibility of singular Einstein metrics | Rafe Mazzeo (Stanford University) |
| 2008-04-11 16:00 | Nodal lines of eigenfunctions, geodesics and complex analysis | |
| 2008-04-04 16:00 | Unsolved mysteries of solutions to PDEs near the boundary | Vladimir Maz'ya (Ohio State University, University of Liverpool, and Linkšping University) |
| 2008-03-14 16:00 | Greedy algorithms and complexity for nonnegative matrix factorization | Stephen Vavasis (University of Waterloo) |
| 2008-03-07 16:00 | Tsunami asymptotics | Michael Berry (Bristol University) |
| 2008-02-29 16:00 | What is a tau function? | John Harnad (Concordia University and Centre de recherches mathématiques) |
| 2008-02-22 16:00 | Combinatorics as geometry | Fernando Rodriguez Villegas (University of Texas at Austin) |
| 2008-02-15 16:00 | Differential Groups and Differential Relations | Michael F. Singer (North Carolina State University) |
| 2008-02-08 16:00 | Arithmetic partial differential equations | Alexandru Buium (University of New Mexico) |
| 2008-02-01 16:00 | Quantization and chiralization | Victor Kac (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) |
| 2008-01-18 16:00 | From Elie Cartan to Gerard Debreu: some applications of exterior differential calculus to economic theory | Ivar Ekeland (PIMS, University of British Columbia) |
| 2008-01-11 16:00 | L'invariance de Thomae de 3F2 par le groupe symétrique S5 et les produits de matrices (2,2) aléatoires | Gérard Letac (Université Paul Sabetier) |
| 2008-01-04 16:00 | Attractors and invariant measures in low-dimensional dynamical systems | Michael Jakobson (University of Maryland) |
| 2007-12-14 16:00 | Smale's 17th Problem | Michael Shub (University of Toronto) |
| 2007-11-30 16:00 | Exact Solution of the Six-Vertex Model of Statistical Physics | Pavel Bleher (Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis) |
| 2007-11-23 16:00 | Nilsequences in Additive Combinatorics | Ben Green (Cambridge University) |
| 2007-11-16 16:00 | Unexpected Properties of Dense Packings of Spheres | Charles Radin (University of Texas at Austin) |
| 2007-11-16 16:00 | Symmetries of the field of algebraic numbers | John Tate (University of Texas at Austin) |
| 2007-11-02 16:00 | The geometry of numbers, old and new | Akshay Venkatesh (Institute for Advanced Study) |
| 2007-10-26 16:00 | Pseudo-Riemannian geodesics and billiards | Boris Khesin (University of Toronto) |
| 2007-10-12 16:00 | A Lattice Boltzmann Model for Single- and Multi-Phase Fluid Flows | Tim Phillips (Cardiff University, UK) |
| 2007-10-05 16:00 | Geometric and numerical rigidity for Lagrangian submanifolds | |
| 2007-09-14 16:00 | Geometry and Dynamics of Surface Group Representations | William Goldman (University of Maryland) |
| 2007-09-07 16:00 | Poincaré inequality and the structure of complete manifolds | Peter Li (University of California, Irive) |
| 2007-05-04 16:00 | New analytic techniques in algebraic geometry | Jean-Pierre Demailly (Université Grenoble Alpes, France) |
| 2007-04-27 16:00 | Counting rational points and rational curves: from Waring's problem to quantum cohomology | Yuri Manin (Max-Planck-Institut fuer Mathematik) |
| 2007-04-20 16:00 | Equisingularity, Multiplicity, and Dependence | Steven Kleiman (MIT) |
| 2007-04-13 16:00 | Representation densities and arithmetic geometry | Stephen S. Kudla (University of Toronto) |
| 2007-03-30 16:00 | Polynomial progressions in primes | Tamar Ziegler (Michigan University) |
| 2007-03-23 16:00 | Extreme heating of the sun's atmosphere and the topology of magnetic field lines | Ed Stredulinsky (University of Wisconsin-Richland) |
| 2007-03-16 16:00 | Mathematical issues and opportunities in self assembly | Michael Brenner (Harvard University) |
| 2007-03-09 16:00 | What do we know about four dimensional manifolds | Tomasz Mrowka (MIT) |
| 2007-03-02 16:00 | Water waves over a varying bottom | |
| 2007-02-23 16:00 | Integrable Combinatorics | Philippe Di Francesco (Service de Physique Théorique, CEA Saclay (France)) |
| 2007-02-09 16:00 | Second Hamiltonian Paths and Nash Equilibria | Jack Edmonds (University of George Washington) |
| 2007-02-02 16:00 | Une courte histoire du modèle d'Ising | Yvan Saint-Aubin (Université de Montréal) |
| 2007-01-26 16:00 | Turn Table, Tippy Tops, Tapped Turtles | Tadashi Tokieda (Cambridge) |
| 2007-01-19 16:00 | Eigenfunctions: limits, nodal sets and critical points | Dmitry Jakobson (McGill) |
| 2007-01-12 16:00 | Les marches aléatoires et les algorithmes MCMC | Jeffrey S. Rosenthal (University of Toronto) |
| 2006-12-01 16:00 | The Sato-Tate conjecture | Richard Taylor (Harvard University) |
| 2006-11-24 16:00 | The integral geometry of random sets | Jonathan Taylor (Université de Montréal) |
| 2006-11-17 16:00 | The Trouble with Molecular Dynamics | Paul Tupper (McGill University) |
| 2006-11-10 16:00 | hp-ADAPTIVE FINITE ELEMENTS a Quest for Exponential Convergence | Leszek F. Demkowicz (The University of Texas at Austin) |
| 2006-11-03 16:00 | Why is nonequilibrium statistical mechanics so hard to understand? | David P. Ruelle (Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques) |
| 2006-10-20 16:00 | RIGIDITY OF ORBIT STRUCTURE FOR ACTIONS OF HIGHER RANK ABELIAN GROUPS KAM-THEORY AND ALGEBRAIC K-THEORY | Anatole Katok (Penn State University) |
| 2006-10-13 16:00 | Randomness, and its effects on Spectra | Jean-Pierre Bourguignon (Inst. des Hautes Etudes Scientifiques (IHES)) |
| 2006-10-06 16:00 | Randomness, and its effects on Spectra | Michael Aizenman (Princeton University) |
| 2006-09-29 16:00 | Understanding the curvature/comprendre la courbure | Joseph Kohn (Princeton University) |
| 2006-09-22 16:00 | Quantum Mechanics, the Stability of Matter, and Quantum Electrodynamics | Elliott Lieb (Princeton University) |
| 2006-09-08 16:00 | Applications of an asymptotic expansion for the one-point function of random matrix theory: Loop equations, partition function, large deviation principles | Kenneth McLaughlin (The University of Arizona) |
27 janvier 2023 de 15 h 30 à 16 h 30 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
The distribution of Selmer groups of elliptic curves
Colloque par Arul Shankar (Université de Toronto)
The Goldfeld and Katz--Sarnak conjectures predict that 50% of elliptic curves have rank 0, that 50% have rank 1, and that the average rank of elliptic curves is 1/2 (the remaining 0% of elliptic curves not interfering in the average). Successive works of Brumer, Heath-Brown, and Young, have approached this problem by studying the central values of the L functions of elliptic curves. In this talk, we will take an algebraic approach, in which we study the ranks of elliptic curves via studying their Selmer groups.
Poonen and Stoll developed a beautiful model for the behaviours of $p$-Selmer groups of elliptic curves, and gave heuristics for all moments of the sizes of these groups.
In this talk, I will describe joint work with Manjul Bhargava and Ashvin Swaminathan, in which we prove that the second moment of the size of the 2-Selmer groups of elliptic curves is bounded above by 15 (which is the constant predicted by Poonen--Stoll).
La conférence ne sera pas diffusée via Zoom
Adresse
Université McGill, Burnside Hall, salle 1205
20 janvier 2023 de 15 h 30 à 16 h 30 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
Ramsey Theory, Sparsity and Limits (Combinatorics and Model Theory)
Colloque par Jaroslav Nešetřil (Université Charles, Prague)
Several combinatorial problems are treated in the context of model theory.
We survey three such instances which were investigated recently, coming
from Ramsey theory, sparsity of graphs and limits of sequences of structures.
These are diverse areas but share some properties where the connection to
model theory is non-trivial and interesting. It also presents several open
problems of interest to both combinatorics and model theory.
Adresse
Centre de recherches mathématiques Pavillon André-Aisenstadt, Université de Montréal. Salle 5340
13 janvier 2023 de 15 h 30 à 16 h 30 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
Sticky Kakeya sets, and the sticky Kakeya conjecture
A Kakeya set is a compact subset of R^n that contains a unit line segment pointing in every direction. The Kakeya conjecture asserts that such sets must have dimension n. This conjecture is closely related to several open problems in harmonic analysis, and it sits at the base of a hierarchy of increasingly difficult questions about the behavior of the Fourier transform in Euclidean space.
There is a special class of Kakeya sets, called sticky Kakeya sets. Sticky Kakeya sets exhibit an approximate self-similarity at many scales, and sets of this type played an important role in Katz, Łaba, and Tao's groundbreaking 1999 work on the Kakeya problem. In this talk, I will discuss a special case of the Kakeya conjecture, which asserts that sticky Kakeya sets must have dimension n. I will discuss the proof of this conjecture in dimension 3. This is joint work with Hong Wang.
Adresse
Centre de recherches mathématiques Pavillon André-Aisenstadt, Université de Montréal Room 5340
9 décembre 2022 de 15 h 30 à 16 h 30 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
Ergodic theory of the stochastic Burgers equation
Colloque par Yuri Bakhtin (New York University)
I am interested in stationary distributions for the Burgers equation with random forcing. I will first consider an oversimplified random dynamical system to illustrate the power of a general approach based on the so-called pullback procedure. For the Burgers equation, which is a basic evolutionary stochastic PDE of Hamilton-Jacobi type related to fluid dynamics, growth models, and the KPZ equation, one can realize this approach via studying long-term properties of random Lagrangian action minimizers and directed polymer measures in random environments. The compact space case was studied in 2000's. This talk is based on my work on the noncompact case, joint with Eric Cator, Kostya Khanin, Liying Li.
Adresse
Centre de recherches mathématiques Pavillon André-Aisenstadt, Université de Montréal Room 5340
2 décembre 2022 de 15 h 30 à 16 h 30 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
p-adic methods for solving Diophantine equations
Colloque par Amnon Besser (Ben Gurion University)
The problem of finding rational or integer solutions to polynomial equations is one of the oldest problems in mathematics and is one of the key driving forces in the development of Number Theory. In the last 15 years new methods were developed that can sometimes effectively solve this problem. These methods attempt to find the solutions inside the larger set of solutions of the same equation in the field of p-adic numbers as the vanishing set of some computable function. When these methods work they give the rational solutions to arbitrarily large p-adic precision, which usually suffices to rigorously recover the full set of solutions.
I will survey the new methods, originating from the work of Kim and from the more recent work of Lawrence and Venkatesh. I will then explain my work with Muller and Srinivasan that uses a p-adic version of the notion of norms on line bundles and associated heights, as used for example in arithmetic dynamics, to give a new approach to some Kim type results.
La conférence ne sera pas diffusée via Zoom.
Adresse
Université Concordia, Library Building, 9th floor, room LB 921-4
25 novembre 2022 de 15 h 30 à 16 h 30 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Réunion Zoom
(Almost) all of Entity Resolution
Colloque par Rebecca Steorts (Université Duke)
Whether the goal is to estimate the number of people that live in a congressional district, to estimate the number of individuals that have died in an armed conflict, or to disambiguate individual authors using bibliographic data, all these applications have a common theme — integrating information from multiple sources. Before such questions can be answered, databases must be cleaned and integrated in a systematic and accurate way, commonly known as record linkage, de-duplication, or entity resolution. In this article, we review motivational applications and seminal papers that have led to the growth of this area. Specifically, we review the foundational work that began in the 1940’s and 50’s that have led to modern probabilistic record linkage. We review clustering approaches to entity resolution, semi- and fully supervised methods, and canonicalization, which are being used throughout industry and academia in applications such as human rights, official statistics, medicine, citation networks, among others. Finally, we discuss current research topics of practical importance. This is joint work with Olivier Binette.
Adresse
Pour obtenir le lien Zoom: https://forms.gle/8cqLPYuXwiqdVU1L8
18 novembre 2022 de 15 h 30 à 16 h 30 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
Quantitative Stability in the Calculus of Variations
Colloque par Robin Neumayer (Université Carnegie Mellon)
Among all subsets of Euclidean space with a fixed volume, balls have the smallest perimeter. Furthermore, any set with nearly minimal perimeter is geometrically close, in a quantitative sense, to a ball. This latter statement reflects the quantitative stability of balls with respect to the perimeter functional. We will discuss recent advances in quantitative stability and applications in various contexts. The talk includes joint work with several collaborators and will be accessible to a broad research audience.
Adresse
Université McGill, Burnside Hall, salle 1104
11 novembre 2022 de 15 h 30 à 16 h 30 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
An equation of Diophantus
Colloque par Jan Vonk (Université Leiden)
This is the story of an old equation of Diophantus, which will take us on an excursion along a branch of number theory that stretches over a large part of the subject's history. It will be our motivation for a friendly introduction to some modern developments on torsion and ranks of elliptic curves.
Adresse
Centre de recherches mathématiques Pavillon André-Aisenstadt, Université de Montréal Room 5340
4 novembre 2022 de 15 h 30 à 16 h 30 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
(Conférence Nirenberg) Complexity of Submanifolds and Colding-Minicozzi Entropy
Colloque par Jacob Bernstein (Johns Hopkins University)
Given a submanifold of Euclidean space, Colding and Minicozzi defined its entropy to be the supremum of the Gaussian weighted surface areas of all of its translations and dilations. While initially introduced to study singularities of mean curvature flow, it has proven to be an interesting geometric measure of complexity. In this talk I will survey some of the recent progress made on studying the Colding-Minicozzi entropy of hypersurfaces. In particular, I will discuss a series of work by Lu Wang and myself showing closed hypersurfaces with small entropy are simple in various senses.
Adresse
Centre de recherches mathématiques Pavillon André-Aisenstadt, Université de Montréal Room 5340
28 octobre 2022 de 15 h 30 à 16 h 30 (heure de Montréal/HNE)
Computer Model Emulation Using Deep Gaussian Processes
Colloque par Derek Bingham (Simon Fraser University)
Computer models are often used to explore physical systems. Increasingly, there are cases where the model is fast, the code is not readily accessible to scientists, but a large suite of model evaluations is available. In these cases, an “emulator” is used to stand in for the computer model. This work was motivated by a simulator for the chirp mass of binary black hole mergers where no output is observed for large portions of the input space and more than 10^6 simulator evaluations are available. This poses two problems: (i) the need to address the discontinuity when observing no chirp mass; and (ii) performing statistical inference with a large number of simulator evaluations. The traditional approach for emulation is to use a stationary Gaussian process (GP) because it provides a foundation for uncertainty quantification for deterministic systems. We explore the impact of the choices when setting up the deep GP on posterior inference, apply the proposed approach to the real application and propose a sequential design approach for identifying new simulations.
Adresse
HEC, salle Hélène-Desmarais, Côte-Sainte-Catherine
14 octobre 2022 de 15 h 30 à 16 h 30 (heure de Montréal/HNE)
(Prix André Aisenstadt 2022) New isoperimetric inequalities and their applications to systolic geometry and minimal surfaces
Colloque par Yevgeny Liokumovich (Université de Toronto, Canada)
I will describe two new isoperimetric inequalities for k-dimensional submanifolds of R^n or a Banach space. As a consequence of one we obtain a new systolic inequality that was conjectured by Larry Guth. As a consequence of another, we obtain an asymptotic formula for volumes of minimal submanifolds that was conjectured by Mikhail Gromov. The talk is based on joint works with Boris Lishak, Alexander Nabutovsky and Regina Rotman; Fernando Marques and Andre Neves; Larry Guth.
Adresse
HYBRIDE | SUR PLACE : Pavillon André Aisenstadt Salle 1355, 2920, chemin de la tour, Montréal (Québec)
7 octobre 2022 de 15 h 30 à 16 h 30 (heure de Montréal/HNE)
(Prix-CRM-Fields-Pims) Random plane geometry -- a gentle introduction
Colloque par Balint Virag (University of Toronto)
Consider Z^2, and assign a random length of 1 or 2 to each edge based on independent fair coin tosses. The resulting random geometry, first passage percloation, is conjectured to have a scaling limit.
Most random plane geometric models (including hidden geometries) should have the same scaling limit.
I will explain the basics of the limiting geometry, the "directed landscape", the central object in the class of models named after Kardar, Parisi and Zhang.
Adresse
Hybride - CRM, Salle / Room 6214, Pavillon André Aisenstadt / Zoom
30 septembre 2022 de 15 h 30 à 16 h 30 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Réunion Zoom
(Prix SSC) Full likelihood inference for abundance from capture-recapture data: semiparametric efficiency and EM-algorithm
Colloque par Pengfei Li (University of Waterloo)
Capture-recapture experiments are widely used to collect data needed to estimate the abundance of a closed population. To account for heterogeneity in the capture probabilities, Huggins (1989) and Alho (1990) proposed a semiparametric model in which the capture probabilities are modelled parametrically and the distribution of individual characteristics is left unspecified. A conditional likelihood method was then proposed to obtain point estimates and Wald-type confidence intervals for the abundance. Empirical studies show that the small-sample distribution of the maximum conditional likelihood estimator is strongly skewed to the right, which may produce Wald-type confidence intervals with lower limits that are less than the number of captured individuals or even negative.
In this talk, we present a full likelihood approach based on Huggins and Alho's model. We show that the null distribution of the empirical likelihood ratio for the abundance is asymptotically chi-square with one degree of freedom, and the maximum empirical likelihood estimator achieves semiparametric efficiency. We further propose an expectation–maximization algorithm to numerically calculate the proposed point estimate and empirical likelihood ratio function. Simulation studies show that the empirical-likelihood-based method is superior to the conditional-likelihood-based method: its confidence interval has much better coverage, and the maximum empirical likelihood estimator has a smaller mean square error.
23 septembre 2022 de 15 h 30 à 16 h 30 (heure de Montréal/HNE)
A story about pointwise ergodic theorems
Colloque par Anush Tserunyan (McGill University)
Pointwise ergodic theorems provide a bridge between the global behaviour of the dynamical system and the local combinatorial statistics of the system at a point. Such theorem have been proven in different contexts, but typically for actions of semigroups on a probability space. Dating back to Birkhoff (1931), the first known pointwise ergodic theorem states that for a measure-preserving ergodic transformation T on a probability space, the mean of a function (its global average) can be approximated by taking local averages of the function at a point x over finite sets in the forward-orbit of x, namely {x, Tx, ..., T^n x}. Almost a century later, we revisit Birkhoff's theorem and turn it backwards, showing that the averages along trees of possible pasts also approximate the global average. This backward theorem for a single transformation surprisingly has applications to actions of free groups, which we will also discuss. This is joint work with Jenna Zomback.
Adresse
HYBRIDE | SUR PLACE : Pavillon André Aisenstadt Salle 5340, 2920, chemin de la tour, Montréal (Québec)
16 septembre 2022 de 15 h 30 à 16 h 30 (heure de Montréal/HNE)
Modularity of Galois representations, from Ramanujan to Serre's conjecture and beyond
Colloque par Chandrashekhar Khare (UCLA)
Ramanujan made a series of influential conjectures in his 1916 paper ``On some arithmetical functions’' on what is now called the Ramanujan τ\tauτ function. A congruence Ramanujan observed for τ(n)\tau(n)τ(n) modulo 691 in the paper led to Serre and Swinnerton-Dyer developing a geometric theory of mod ppp modular forms. It was in the context of the theory of mod ppp modular forms that Serre made his modularity conjecture, which was initially formulated in a letter of Serre to Tate in 1973.
I will describe the path from Ramanujan's work in 1916, to the formulation of a first version of Serre's conjecture in 1973, to its resolution in 2009 by Jean-Pierre Wintenberger and myself. I will also try to indicate why this subject is very much alive and, in spite of all the progress, still in its infancy.
Adresse
HYBRIDE | SUR PLACE : Pavillon André Aisenstadt Salle 5340, 2920, chemin de la tour, Montréal (Québec)
2 septembre 2022 de 15 h 30 à 16 h 30 (heure de Montréal/HNE)
Algèbres amassées et théorie des noeuds
Colloque par Véronique Bazier-Matte (Université Laval)
Les algèbres amassées sont des algèbres de polynômes de Laurent dont les générateurs s’obtiennent par un processus récursif appelé mutation. On commence avec une graine, paire formée d’un ensemble de n variables, appelé amas, et d’un graphe orienté à n points. La mutation d’une graine remplace une variable à la fois et modifie le graphe, donnant ainsi une nouvelle graine. L’algèbre amassée est engendrée par toutes les variables obtenues par mutations successives, qu’on appelle variables amassées.
Les algèbres amassées ont été définies il y a 20 ans, et depuis, des liens entre elles et divers champs de recherche ont été découverts. Récemment, avec mon collaborateur, nous avons établi un lien entre la théorie des noeuds et les algèbres amassées. Cet exposé introduira d'abord les algèbres amassées puis présentera la connection entre ces dernières et le polynôme d'Alexander d'un noeud.
Adresse
HYBRIDE | SUR PLACE : Pavillon André Aisenstadt Salle 5340, 2920, chemin de la tour, Montréal (Québec)
20 mai 2022 de 15 h 30 à 16 h 30 (heure de Montréal/HNE)
Mathematical analysis of dilute gases : derivation of the Boltzmann equation, fluctuations and large deviations
Colloque par Isabelle Gallagher (Ecole Normale Supérieure)
Titulaire de la Chaire Aisenstadt 2022
The evolution of a gas can be described by different models depending on the observation scale. A natural question, raised by Hilbert in his sixth problem, is whether these models provide consistent predictions. In particular, for rarefied gases, it is expected that continuum laws of kinetic theory can be obtained directly from molecular dynamics governed by the fundamental principles of mechanics. In the case of hard sphere gases, Lanford showed in 1975 that the Boltzmann equation emerges as the law of large numbers in the low density limit, at least for very short times. The goal of this talk is to explain the heuristics of his proof and present recent progress in the understanding of this limiting process.
6 mai 2022 de 15 h 30 à 16 h 30 (heure de Montréal/HNE)
Generic measure preserving transformations and Descriptive Set Theory
Colloque par Slawomir Solecki (Cornell University)
The behavior of a measure preserving transformation, even a generic one, is highly non-uniform. In contrast to this observation, a different picture of a very uniform behavior of the closed group generated by a generic measure preserving transformation has emerged. This picture included substantial evidence that pointed to these groups being all topologically isomorphic to a single group, namely, $L^0$---the non-locally compact, topological group of all Lebesgue measurable functions from $[0,1]$ to the circle. In fact, Glasner and Weiss asked if this was the case.
We will describe the background touched on above, including the connections with Descriptive Set Theory. Further, we will indicate a proof of the following theorem that answers the Glasner--Weiss question in the negative: for a generic measure preserving transformation $T$, the closed group generated by $T$ is {\bf not} topologically isomorphic to $L^0$.
29 avril 2022 de 15 h 30 à 16 h 30 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Réunion Zoom
COVID-19 transmission models in the real world: models, data, and policy
Colloque par Forrest Crawford (Yale University)
Simple mathematical models of COVID-19 transmission gained prominence in the early days of the pandemic. These models provided researchers and policymakers with qualitative insight into the dynamics of transmission and quantitative predictions of disease incidence. More sophisticated models incorporated new information about the natural history of COVID-19 disease and the interaction of infected individuals with the healthcare system, to predict diagnosed cases, hospitalization, ventilator usage, and death. Models also provided intuition for discussions about outbreaks, vaccination, and the effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions like social distancing guidelines and stay-at-home orders. But as the pandemic progressed, complex real-world interventions took effect, people everywhere changed their behavior, and the usefulness of simple mathematical models of COVID-19 transmission diminished. This challenge forced researchers to think more broadly about empirical data sources that could help predictive models regain their utility for guiding public policy. In this presentation, I will describe my view of the successes and failures of population-level transmission models in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. I will outline the evolution of a project to predict COVID-19 incidence in the state of Connecticut, from development of a transmission model to engagement with public health policymakers and initiation of a new data collection effort. I argue that a new data source – passive measurement of close interpersonal contact via mobile device location data – is a promising way to overcome many of the shortcomings of traditional transmission models. I conclude with a summary of the impact this work has had on the COVID-19 response in Connecticut and beyond.
22 avril 2022 de 15 h 30 à 16 h 30 (heure de Montréal/HNE)
Cactus groups and monodromy
Colloque par Joel Kamnitzer (University of Toronto)
The cactus group is a cousin of the braid group and shares many of its beautiful properties. It is the fundamental group of the moduli space of points on RP^1. It also acts on many collections of combinatorial objects. I will explain how we use the cactus group to understand monodromy of eigenvectors for Gaudin algebras.
15 avril 2022 de 15 h 00 à 16 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE)
Quelques aspects des jeux à champ moyen
Colloque par Pierre Cardaliaguet (Université Paris-Dauphine)
Les jeux à champ moyen cherchent à modéliser le comportement dynamique d’un grand nombre d’agents en interaction. Il peut s’agir par exemple de la dynamique d’une foule, ou bien de la production de ressource naturelle par un grand nombre de producteurs. L’analyse de ces modèles, d’abord introduits dans la littérature économique sous la terminologie de « modèles d’agents hétérogènes », a connu un développement spectaculaire ces dernières années avec les travaux pionniers de Lasry et Lions d’une part, et de Caines, Huang et Malhamé d’autre part. L’objectif de l’exposé sera d’illustrer la théorie à travers quelques modèles, de discuter quelques-uns des résultats principaux et des questions ouvertes.
8 avril 2022 de 15 h 30 à 16 h 30 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Réunion Zoom
Hidden Variable Model for Universal Quantum Computation with Magic States on Qubits
Colloque par Robert Raussendorf (UBC)
Lauréat 2021 du prix CAP-CRM
We show that every quantum computation can be described by a probabilistic update of a probability distribution on a finite phase space. Negativity in a quasiprobability function is not required in states or operations, which is a very unusual feature. Nonetheless, our result is consistent with Gleason’s Theorem and the Pusey-Barrett- Rudolph theorem.
The reason I have chosen this subject for my talk is two-fold: (i) It gives the audience a glimpse of the quest to understand the quantum mechanical cause for speed-up in quantum computation, which is one of the central questions on the theory side of the field, and (ii) Maybe there can be feedback from the audience. The structures underlying the above probabilistic model are the so-called Lambda-polytopes, which are highly symmetric objects. At present we only know very few general facts about them. Help with analysing them would be appreciated!
Joint work with Michael Zurel and Cihan Okay,
Journal reference: Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 260404 (2020)
1 avril 2022 de 14 h 00 à 15 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Réunion Zoom
Gentle algebras, surfaces and a glimpse of homological mirror symmetry
Colloque par Sibylle Schroll (University of Cologne)
Derived categories are in general not easy to parse. However, in certain cases, combinatorial models give a good picture of these categories. One such case are the bounded derived categories of gentle algebras which can be represented in terms of curves and crossings of curves on surfaces. In this talk, we will give the construction of these surface models and briefly explain how they are connected to the homological mirror symmetry programme. We will show how a combination of surface combinatorics and representation theory can give new insights into the associated categories.
25 mars 2022 de 15 h 30 à 16 h 30 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Réunion Zoom
Making mathematics computer-checkable
Colloque par Heather Macbeth (Fordham university)
In the last thirty years, computer proof verification became a mature technology, with successes including the checking of the Four-Colour Theorem, the Odd Order Theorem, and Hales' proof of the Kepler Conjecture. Recent advances such as the "Liquid Tensor Experiment" verifying a recent theorem of Scholze have provided further momentum, as likewise have promising experiments integrating this technology with machine learning.
I will briefly describe some of these developments. I will then try to describe, more generally, what it *feels* like to carry out research-level computer verifications of mathematics proofs: the level of expression one has access to, the ways one finds oneself interrogating and reorganizing a paper proof, the kinds of arguments which are more tedious (or less tedious!) than on paper.
18 mars 2022 de 15 h 30 à 16 h 30 (heure de Montréal/HNE)
The importance of large deviations in non-equilibrium systems
Colloque par Bernard Derrida (École Normale Supérieure)
Titulaire de la Chaire Aisenstadt 2022
Statistical Physics allowed to unify, at the end of the 19th century, Newton's mechanics and thermodynamics. It gave a way to predict the amplitude of fluctuations around the physical laws which were known at that time. Einstein, in his very first works, showed that the measurement of these fluctuations allowed to estimate the size of atoms. His reasoning, which was at the origin of the linear response theory, applied to the black body gave one of the first evidences of the duality wave-particle in Quantum Mechanics. Statistical Physics gives also a framework to predict large deviations for systems at equilibrium. In the last two decades, major efforts were devoted to extend our understanding of the statistical laws of fluctuations and large deviations to non-equilibrium systems. This talk will try to present some of the recent progresses.
11 mars 2022 de 15 h 30 à 16 h 30 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Réunion Zoom
Algebra, geometry and combinatorics of link homology
Colloque par Evgeny Gorksy (UC Davis)
Khovanov and Rozansky defined in 2005 a triply graded link homology theory which generalizes HOMFLY-PT polynomial. In this talk, I will outline some known results and structures in Khovanov-Rozansky homology, describe its connection to q,t-Catalan combinatorics and present several geometric models for some classes of links.
18 février 2022 de 15 h 30 à 16 h 30 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Réunion Zoom
Structure learning for Extremal graphical models
Colloque par Stanislav Volgushev (University of Toronto)
Extremal graphical models are sparse statistical models for multivariate extreme events. The underlying graph encodes conditional independencies and enables a visual interpretation of the complex extremal dependence structure. For the important case of tree models, we provide a data-driven methodology for learning the graphical structure. We show that sample versions of the extremal correlation and a new summary statistic, which we call the extremal variogram, can be used as weights for a minimum spanning tree to consistently recover the true underlying tree. Remarkably, this implies that extremal tree models can be learned in a completely non-parametric fashion by using simple summary statistics and without the need to assume discrete distributions, existence of densities, or parametric models for marginal or bivariate distributions. Extensions to more general graphs are also discussed.
11 février 2022 de 15 h 30 à 16 h 30 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Réunion Zoom
Sticky particle dynamics
Colloque par Ryan Hynd (University of Pennsylvania)
I will discuss the time evolution of a collection of particles that interact primarily through perfectly inelastic collisions. I will explain why this problem is tractable if the particles are constrained to lie on a line versus if they are allowed to move freely in space. In particular, I'll also describe an equation at the heart of this difficulty which some researchers believe has been solved and others do not. This topic has motivations in astronomy and connections with optimal mass transportation which I will touch upon if time permits.
4 février 2022 de 12 h 00 à 13 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Réunion Zoom
Euler systems and the Birch—Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture
Colloque par Sarah Zerbes (ETH Zürich)
L-functions are one of the central objects of study in number theory. There are many beautiful theorems and many more open conjectures linking their values to arithmetic problems. The most famous example is the conjecture of Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer, which is one of the Clay Millenium Prize Problems. I will discuss this conjecture and some related open problems, and I will describe some recent progress on these conjectures, using tools called `Euler systems’.
28 janvier 2022 de 15 h 30 à 16 h 30 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Réunion Zoom
Risk assessment, heavy tails, and asymmetric least squares techniques
Colloque par Gilles Stupfler (ENSAI)
Statistical risk assessment, in particular in finance and insurance, requires estimating simple indicators to summarize the risk incurred in a given situation. Of most interest is to infer extreme levels of risk so as to be able to manage high-impact rare events such as extreme climate episodes or stock market crashes. A standard procedure in this context, whether in the academic, industrial or regulatory circles, is to estimate a well-chosen single quantile (or Value-at-Risk). One drawback of quantiles is that they only take into account the frequency of an extreme event, and in particular do not give an idea of what the typical magnitude of such an event would be. Another issue is that they do not induce a coherent risk measure, which is a serious concern in actuarial and financial applications. In this talk, after giving a leisurely tour of extreme quantile estimation, I will explain how, starting from the formulation of a quantile as the solution of an optimization problem, one may come up with two alternative families of risk measures, called expectiles and extremiles, in order to address these two drawbacks. I will give a broad overview of their properties, as well as of their estimation at extreme levels in heavy-tailed models, and explain why they constitute sensible alternatives for risk assessment using real data applications. This is based on joint work with Abdelaati Daouia, Irène Gijbels, Stéphane Girard, Simone Padoan and Antoine Usseglio-Carleve.
Adresse
https://umontreal.zoom.us/j/93983313215?pwd=clB6cUNsSjAvRmFMME1PblhkTUtsQT09 ID de réunion : 939 8331 3215 Code secret : 096952
21 janvier 2022 de 14 h 00 à 15 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Réunion Zoom
The commuting variety and generic pipe dreams
Colloque par Allen Knutson (Cornell University)
Nobody knows whether the scheme "pairs of commuting nxn matrices" is reduced. I'll show how this scheme relates to matrix Schubert varieties, and give a formula for its equivariant cohomology class (and that of many other varieties) using "generic pipe dreams" that I'll introduce. These interpolate between ordinary and bumpless pipe dreams. With those, I'll rederive both formulae (ordinary and bumpless) for double Schubert polynomials. This work is joint with Paul Zinn-Justin.
Adresse
https://zoom.us/s/95924819999
14 janvier 2022 de 11 h 00 à 12 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Réunion Zoom
Looking at hydrodynamics through a contact mirror: From Euler to Turing and beyond
Colloque par Eva Miranda (Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Spain)
What physical systems can be non-computational? (Roger Penrose, 1989). Is hydrodynamics capable of calculations? (Cris Moore, 1991). Can a mechanical system (including the trajectory of a fluid) simulate a universal Turing machine? (Terence Tao, 2017).
The movement of an incompressible fluid without viscosity is governed by Euler equations. Its viscid analogue is given by the Navier-Stokes equations whose regularity is one of the open problems in the list of problems for the Millenium by
the Clay Foundation. The trajectories of a fluid are complex. Can we measure its levels of complexity (computational, logical and dynamical)?
In this talk, we will address these questions. In particular, we will show how to construct a 3-dimensional Euler flow which is Turing complete. Undecidability of fluid paths is then a consequence of the classical undecidability of the halting
problem proved by Alan Turing back in 1936. This is another manifestation of complexity in hydrodynamics which is very different from the theory of chaos.
Our solution of Euler equations corresponds to a stationary solution or Beltrami field. To address this problem, we will use a mirror [5] reflecting Beltrami fields as Reeb vector fields of a contact
structure. Thus, our solutions import techniques from geometry to solve a problem in fluid dynamics. But how general are Euler flows? Can we represent any dynamics as an Euler flow? We will address this universality problem using the Beltrami/Reeb mirror again and Gromov's h-principle. We will also consider the non-stationary case. These universality features illustrate the complexity of Euler flows. However, this construction is not "physical" in the sense that the associated metric is not the euclidean metric. We will announce an euclidean construction and its implications to complexity and undecidability.
These constructions [1,2,3,4] are motivated by Tao's approach to the problem of Navier-Stokes [7,8,9] which we will also explain.
[1] R. Cardona, E. Miranda, D. Peralta-Salas, F. Presas. Universality of Euler flows and flexibility of Reeb
embeddings. https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.01963.
[2] R. Cardona, E. Miranda, D. Peralta-Salas, F. Presas. Constructing Turing complete Euler flows in
dimension 3. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 118 (2021) e2026818118.
[3] R. Cardona, E. Miranda, D. Peralta-Salas. Turing universality of the incompressible Euler equations
and a conjecture of Moore. Int. Math. Res. Notices, , 2021;, rnab233,
https://doi.org/10.1093/imrn/rnab233
[4] R. Cardona, E. Miranda, D. Peralta-Salas. Computability and Beltrami fields in Euclidean space.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2111.03559
[5] J. Etnyre, R. Ghrist. Contact topology and hydrodynamics I. Beltrami fields and the Seifert conjecture.
Nonlinearity 13 (2000) 441–458.
[6] C. Moore. Generalized shifts: unpredictability and undecidability in dynamical systems. Nonlinearity
4 (1991) 199–230.
[7] T. Tao. On the universality of potential well dynamics. Dyn. PDE 14 (2017) 219–238.
[8] T. Tao. On the universality of the incompressible Euler equation on compact manifolds. Discrete
Cont. Dyn. Sys. A 38 (2018) 1553–1565.
[9] T. Tao. Searching for singularities in the Navier-Stokes equations. Nature Rev. Phys. 1 (2019) 418–419.
Adresse
https://umontreal.zoom.us/j/93983313215?pwd=clB6cUNsSjAvRmFMME1PblhkTUtsQT09 ID de réunion : 939 8331 3215 Code secret : 096952
17 décembre 2021 de 10 h 00 à 11 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Réunion Zoom
Nonparametric causal mediation in a time-to-event setting
Colloque par Yen-Tsung Huang (Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica)
A causal mediation model with multiple time-to-event mediators is exemplified by the natural course of human disease marked by sequential milestones with a time-to-event nature. For example, from hepatitis B infection to death, patients may experience intermediate events such as liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. The sequential events of hepatitis, cirrhosis, cancer, and death are susceptible to right censoring; moreover, the latter events may preclude the former events. Casting the natural course of human diseases in the framework of causal mediation modeling, we establish a model with intermediate and terminal events as the mediators and outcomes, respectively. We define the interventional analog of path-specific effects (iPSEs) as the effect of an exposure on a terminal event mediated (or not mediated) by any combination of intermediate events without parametric models. The expression of a counting process-based counterfactual hazard is derived under the sequential ignorability assumption. We employ composite nonparametric likelihood estimation to obtain maximum likelihood estimators for the counterfactual hazard and iPSEs. Our proposed estimators achieve asymptotic unbiasedness, uniform consistency, and weak convergence. Applying the proposed method, we show that hepatitis B induced mortality is mostly mediated through liver cancer and/or cirrhosis whereas hepatitis C induced mortality may be through extrahepatic diseases.
Adresse
https://umontreal.zoom.us/j/93983313215?pwd=clB6cUNsSjAvRmFMME1PblhkTUtsQT09 ID de réunion : 939 8331 3215 Code secret : 096952
10 décembre 2021 de 14 h 00 à 15 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
Stark's Conjectures and Hilbert's 12th Problem
Colloque par Samit Dasgupta (Duke University)
In this talk we will discuss two central problems in algebraic number theory and their interconnections: explicit class field theory and the special values of L-functions. The goal of explicit class field theory is to describe the abelian extensions of a ground number field via analytic means intrinsic to the ground field; this question lies at the core of Hilbert's 12th Problem. Meanwhile, there is an abundance of conjectures on the values of L-functions at certain special points. Of these, Stark's Conjecture has relevance toward explicit class field theory. I will describe two recent joint results with Mahesh Kakde on these topics. The first is a proof of the Brumer-Stark conjecture away from p=2. This conjecture states the existence of certain canonical elements in abelian extensions of totally real fields. The second is a proof of an exact formula for Brumer-Stark units that has been developed over the last 15 years. We show that these units together with other easily written explicit elements generate the maximal abelian extension of a totally real field, thereby giving a p-adic solution to the question of explicit class field theory for these fields.
Adresse
Hybride | Les places sont limitées en présentiel inscrivez-vous ici: https://www.eventbrite.ca/e/inscription-csmq-decembre-2021-december-215934143837 | Salle 5340, pavillon André-Aisenstadt | Zoom: https://umontreal.zoom.us/j/93983313215?pwd=clB6cUNsSjAvRmFMME1PblhkTUtsQT09 ID de réunion : 939 8331 3215 Code secret : 096952
3 décembre 2021 de 15 h 30 à 16 h 30 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
K3 surfaces: geometry and dynamics
Colloque par Valentino Tosatti (McGill University)
K3 surfaces are a class of compact complex manifolds that enjoys many special properties and play an important role in several areas of mathematics. In this colloquium I will discuss a new interplay between complex geometry and analysis on K3 surfaces equipped with their Calabi-Yau metrics, and dynamics of holomorphic diffeomorphisms of these surfaces, that Simion Filip and I have been investigating recently.
Adresse
Hybride | Les places sont limitées en présentiel inscrivez-vous ici: https://www.eventbrite.ca/e/inscription-csmq-decembre-2021-december-215934143837 | Salle 5340, pavillon André-Aisenstadt | Zoom: https://umontreal.zoom.us/j/93983313215?pwd=clB6cUNsSjAvRmFMME1PblhkTUtsQT09 ID de réunion : 939 8331 3215 Code secret : 096952
26 novembre 2021 de 15 h 30 à 16 h 30 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Réunion Zoom
Adventures with Partial Identifi cations in Studies of Marked Individuals
Colloque par Simon Bonner (University of Western Ontario)
Monitoring marked individuals is a common strategy in studies of wild animals (referred to as mark-recapture or capture-recapture experiments) and hard to track human populations (referred to as multi-list methods or multiple-systems estimation). A standard assumption of these techniques is that individuals can be identified uniquely and without error, but this can be violated in many ways. In some cases, it may not be possible to identify individuals uniquely because of the study design or the choice of marks. Other times, errors may occur so that individuals are incorrectly identified. I will discuss work with my collaborators over the past 10 years developing methods to account for problems that arise when are only individuals are only partially identified. I will present theoretical aspects of this research, including an introduction to the latent multinomial model and algebraic statistics, and also describe applications to studies of species ranging from the golden mantella (an endangered frog endemic to Madagascar measuring only 20 mm) to the whale shark (the largest known species of sh measuring up to 19 m).
Adresse
https://umontreal.zoom.us/j/93983313215?pwd=clB6cUNsSjAvRmFMME1PblhkTUtsQT09 ID de réunion : 939 8331 3215 Code secret : 096952
19 novembre 2021 de 15 h 30 à 16 h 30 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Réunion Zoom
Exploring string vacua through geometric transitions
Colloque par Tristan Collins (MIT)
Lauréat 2021 du prix de mathématiques André-Aisenstadt
A fundamental problem in string theory is the multitude of distinct geometries which give rise to consistent solutions of the vacuum equations of motion.
One possible resolution of this "vacuum degeneracy" problem is the "fantasy" that the moduli space of string vacua is connected through the process of "geometric transitions".
I will discuss some geometric problems associated to this fantasy and their applications.
Adresse
https://umontreal.zoom.us/j/93983313215?pwd=clB6cUNsSjAvRmFMME1PblhkTUtsQT09 ID de réunion : 939 8331 3215 Code secret : 096952
12 novembre 2021 de 15 h 30 à 16 h 30 (heure de Montréal/HNE)
Estimating the mean of a random vector
Colloque par Gabor Lugosi (ICREA-UPF et BSE)
One of the most basic problems in statistics is the estimation of the mean of a random vector, based on independent observations. This problem has received renewed attention in the last few years, both from statistical and computational points of view. In this talk, we review some recent results on the statistical performance of mean estimators that allow heavy tails and adversarial contamination in the data. In particular, we are interested in estimators that have a near-optimal error in all directions in which the variance of the one dimensional marginal of the random vector is not too small. The material of this talk is based on a series of joint papers with Shahar Mendelson.
5 novembre 2021 de 15 h 30 à 16 h 30 (heure de Montréal/HNE)
Les mathématiques ont une histoire et une géographie
Colloque par Louise Poirier (Université de Montréal)
La présentation se divise en deux temps. Dans un premier temps, les principaux résultats de notre étude sur le « portrait mathématique » des étudiants du Québec effectué dans le cadre du projet En avant math! (projet conjoint CRM-CIRANO soutenu par le Ministère des finances) seront présentés. Ce rapport se fonde d’une part sur les résultats des tests internationaux TIMS et PISA pour les élèves québécois du primaire et du secondaire et d’autre part, sur la situation des mathématiques dans les universités québécoises dégagée des données du Bureau de coopération interuniversitaire (BCI) ( évolution des inscriptions étudiantes et portrait des étudiants tant en genre qu’en statut). Les données du BCI montrent que l'étudiant typique inscrit en maths dans les universités québécoises est citoyen canadien, blanc et masculin. Et le nombre total d'inscrits baisse à chaque année (sauf, peut-être au doctorat). Où sont les filles? Où sont les étudiants issus de l'immigration récente? Et pourtant aux tests PISA et TIMMS les élèves issus de l'immigration performent mieux au Canada que les élèves canadiens (c'est l'inverse pour la moyenne des pays de l'OCDE).
Puis, dans un deuxième temps, à la lumière des résultats du portrait des étudiants, nous discuterons des enjeux sociaux pour des mathématiques plus inclusives. Une recherche collaborative avec les communautés inuit du Nunavik viendra illustrer nos propos.
Note : Denis Gued m’excusera l’emprunt de ce titre. Ces propos se retrouvent dans son entrevue « Rendons les mathématiques aimables » accordée à L’express. https://www.lexpress.fr/informations/rendons-les-mathematiques-aimables_640643.html
29 octobre 2021 de 15 h 30 à 16 h 30 (heure de Montréal/HNE)
Opinionated practices for teaching reproducibility: motivation, guided instruction and practice
Colloque par Tiffany Timbers (University of British Columbia)
In the data science courses at the University of British Columbia, we define data science as the study, development and practice of reproducible and auditable processes to obtain insight from data. While reproducibility is core to our definition, most data science learners enter the field with other aspects of data science in mind, for example predictive modelling, which is often one of the most interesting topic to novices. This fact, along with the highly technical nature of the industry standard reproducibility tools currently employed in data science, present out-ofthe gate challenges in teaching reproducibility in the data science classroom. Put simply, students are not as intrinsically motivated to learn this topic, and it is not an easy one for them to learn. What can a data science educator do? Over several iterations of teaching courses focused on reproducible data science tools and workflows, we have found that providing extra motivation, guided instruction and lots of practice are key to effectively teaching this challenging, yet important subject. Here we present examples of how we deeply motivate, effectively guide and provide ample practice opportunities to data science students to effectively engage them in learning about this topic.
15 octobre 2021 de 15 h 30 à 16 h 30 (heure de Montréal/HNE)
Entropy along the Mandelbrot set
Colloque par Giulio Tiozzo (University of Toronto)
Lauréat 2021 du prix de mathématiques André-Aisenstadt
The notion of topological entropy, arising from information theory, is a fundamental tool to understand the complexity of a dynamical system. When the dynamical system varies in a family, the natural question arises of how the entropy changes with the parameter.
In the last decade, W. Thurston introduced these ideas in the context of complex dynamics by defining the "core entropy" of a quadratic polynomials as the entropy of a certain forward-invariant set of the Julia set (the Hubbard tree).
As we shall see, the core entropy is a purely topological/combinatorial quantity which nonetheless captures the richness of the fractal structure of the Mandelbrot set. In particular, we will relate the variation of such a function to the geometry of the Mandelbrot set. We will also prove that the core entropy on the space of polynomials of a given degree varies continuously, answering a question of Thurston.
Finally, we will provide a new interpretation of core entropy in terms of measured laminations, and discuss its finer regularity properties such as its Holder exponent.
8 octobre 2021 de 11 h 00 à 12 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE)
(Conférence Nirenberg) Progrès récents sur la conjecture de Kannan-Lovasz-Simonovits (KLS) et le problème des sections de Bourgain II
Colloque par Yuansi Chen (Duke University)
In recent work, Chen (2020) improved Eldan's stochastic localization proof technique, which was deployed in Lee and Vempala (2017), to prove an almost constant Cheeger isoperimetric coefficient in the KLS conjecture with dimension dependency d^o(1). Consequently, his proof also provides a substantial advance toward the resolution of Bourgain's slicing conjecture and the thin-shell conjecture. After getting conformable with Eldan's stochastic localization technique, in this talk we navigate through how to refine the technique to provide the current best bound. We will complete the self-contained proof of Chen (2020) and highlight the new ideas involved. Finally, we will discuss some extensions and provide an outlook for future research directions.
Adresse
Inscription ici :https://www.crm.umontreal.ca/act/form/inscr_Nirenberg-Chen-Klartag2021_f.shtml
1 octobre 2021 de 11 h 00 à 12 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE)
(Conférence Nirenberg) Convexité et phénomènes de grande dimension
Colloque par Bo'az Klartag (Weizmann Institute of Science)
High-dimensional problems with a geometric flavor appear in a number of branches of mathematics and mathematical physics. A priori, it seems that the immense diversity observed in high dimensions would make it impossible to formulate general, interesting theorems that apply to large classes of high-dimensional geometric objects. In this talk we will discuss situations in which high dimensionality, when viewed correctly, induces remarkable order and simplicity rather than complication. For example, Dvoretzky's theorem demonstrates that any high-dimensional convex body possesses nearly-Euclidean sections of large dimension. Another example is the central limit theorem for convex bodies, according to which any high-dimensional convex body has approximately-Gaussian marginals. There are strong motifs in high-dimensional geometry, such as the concentration of measure, which appear to compensate for the large number of different configurations. Convexity allows us to harness these motifs in order to formulate elegant and non-trivial theorems.
Adresse
Inscription ici :https://www.crm.umontreal.ca/act/form/inscr_1Nirenberg-Chen-Klartag2021_f.shtml
24 septembre 2021 de 15 h 00 à 16 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE)
Deep down, everyone wants to be causal
Colloque par Jennifer Hill (NYU Steinhardt)
Most researchers in the social, behavioral, and health sciences are taught to be extremely cautious in making causal claims. However, causal inference is a necessary goal in research for addressing many of the most pressing questions around policy and practice. In the past decade, causal methodologists have increasingly been using and touting the benefits of more complicated machine learning algorithms to estimate causal effects. These methods can take some of the guesswork out of analyses, decrease the opportunity for “p-hacking,” and may be better suited for more fine-tuned tasks such as identifying varying treatment effects and generalizing results from one population to another. However, should these more advanced methods change our fundamental views about how difficult it is to infer causality? In this talk I will discuss some potential advantages and disadvantages of using machine learning for causal inference and emphasize ways that we can all be more transparent in our inferences and honest about their limitations.
30 avril 2021 de 15 h 00 à 16 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE)
Knots, polynomials and signatures
Colloque par Eva Bayer-Fluckiger (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne)
After a historical introduction to knot theory, the talk will be centered around two knot invariants, the Alexander polynomial and the signature. The aim is to introduce a finite abelian group that controls their relationship, and to illustrate this by several examples. Using Seifert matrices, the geometric questions are translated into arithmetic ones.
23 avril 2021 de 15 h 00 à 16 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE)
Generalized gradients, conservative fields, tame potentials, and deep learning
Colloque par Adrian Lewis (Cornell University)
To the dismay and irritation of the variational analysis community, practitioners of deep learning often implement gradient-based optimization via automatic differentiation and blithely apply the result to nonsmooth objectives. Worse, they then gleefully point out numerical convergence. In fact, as elegantly remarked by Bolte and Pauwels, automatic differentiation produces a novel generalized gradient: a conservative field with enough calculus to prove convergence of stochastic subgradient descent, as practiced in deep learning. I will sketch this interplay of analytic and algorithmic ideas, and explain how, for concrete objectives (typically semi-algebraic), this novel generalized gradient just slightly modifies Clarke's original notion.
Joint work with Tonghua Tian.
16 avril 2021 de 15 h 00 à 16 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE)
Reflected Brownian motion in a wedge: from probability theory to Galois theory of difference equations
Colloque par Kilian Raschel (Université de Tours)
We consider a reflected Brownian motion in a two-dimensional wedge. Under standard assumptions on the parameters of the model (opening of the wedge, angles of the reflections on the axes, drift), we study the algebraic and differential nature of the Laplace transform of its stationary distribution. We derive necessary and sufficient conditions for this Laplace transform to be rational, algebraic, differentially finite or more generally differentially algebraic. These conditions are explicit linear dependencies among the angles involved in the definition of the model.
To prove these results, we start from a functional equation that the Laplace transform satisfies, to which we apply tools from diverse horizons. To establish differential algebraicity, a key ingredient is Tutte's invariant approach, which originates in enumerative combinatorics. To establish differential transcendence, we turn the functional equation into a difference equation and apply Galoisian results on the nature of the solutions to such equations.
This is a joint work with M. Bousquet-Mélou, A. Elvey Price, S. Franceschi and C. Hardouin (https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.01562).
9 avril 2021 de 15 h 00 à 16 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE)
Insect Flight from Newton’s law to Neurons
Colloque par Jane Wang (Cornell University)
Why do animals move the way they do? Bacteria, insects, birds, and fish share with us the necessity to move so as to live. Although each organism follows its own evolutionary course, it also obeys a set of common laws. At the very least, the movement of animals, like that of planets, is governed by Newton’s law: All things fall. On Earth, most things fall in air or water, and their motions are thus subject to the laws of hydrodynamics. Through trial and error, animals have found ways to interact with fluid so they can float, drift, swim, sail, glide, soar, and fly. This elementary struggle to escape the fate of falling shapes the development of motors, sensors, and mind. Perhaps we can deduce parts of their neural computations by understanding what animals must do so as not to fall.
We have been seeking mechanistic explanations of the complex movement of insect flight. Starting from the Navier-Stokes equations governing the unsteady aerodynamics of flapping flight, we worked to build a theoretical framework for computing flight and for studying the control of flight. I will discuss our recent computational and experimental studies of the balancing act of dragonflies and fruit flies: how a dragonfly recovers from falling upside-down and how a fly balances in air. In each case, the physics of flight informs us about the neural feedback circuitries underlying their fast reflexes.
19 mars 2021 de 15 h 00 à 16 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE)
ABCD asymptotic expansion for lattice Boltzmann schemes and application to compressible Navier Stokes equations
Colloque par François Dubois (Le CNAM - Paris, Membre IRL-CRM CNRS)
Après avoir rappelé divers éléments sur l'histoire de la construction des schémas de Boltzmann sur réseau, nous présentons notre approche "ABCD", fondée sur le fait que le schéma numérique est exact pour l'équation d'advection avec les vitesses du réseau. Cette analyse asymptotique permet d'écrire aux différents ordres les équations aux dérivées partielles conservatives équivalentes au schéma. Un réglage de paramètres permet dans les bons cas une approximation précise des équations des fluides compressibles.
12 mars 2021 de 15 h 30 à 16 h 30 (heure de Montréal/HNE)
Nonparametric Tests for Informative Selection in Complex Surveys
Colloque par Jay Breidt (Colorado State University, USA)
Informative selection, in which the distribution of response variables given that they are sampled is different from their distribution in the population, is pervasive in complex surveys. Failing to take such informativeness into account can produce severe inferential errors, including biased and inconsistent estimation of population parameters. While several parametric procedures exist to test for informative selection, these methods are limited in scope and their parametric assumptions are difficult to assess. We consider two classes of nonparametric tests of informative selection. The first class is motivated by classic nonparametric two-sample tests. We compare weighted and unweighted empirical distribution functions and obtain tests for informative selection that are analogous to Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Cramer-von Mises. For the second class of tests, we adapt a kernel-based learning method that compares distributions based on their maximum mean discrepancy. The asymptotic distributions of the test statistics are established under the null hypothesis of noninformative selection. Simulation results show that our tests have power competitive with existing parametric tests in a correctly specified parametric setting, and better than those tests under model misspecification. A recreational angling application illustrates the methodology.
This is joint work with Teng Liu, Colorado State University.
26 février 2021 de 15 h 00 à 16 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE)
Analytic solutions to algebraic equations, and a conjecture of Kobayashi
Colloque par Jean-Pierre Demailly (Université Grenoble Alpes, France)
A projective algebraic variety is defined as the zero locus of a finite family of homogeneous polynomials. Over the field of complex numbers, the geometry of such varieties is governed to a large extent by the sign, in a suitable sense, of the Ricci curvature form. When this sign is negative, the variety is expected to exhibit certain hyperbolicity properties in the sense of Kobayashi - as well as further very deep number-theoretic properties that are mostly conjectural, in the arithmetic situation. In particular, all entire holomorphic curves drawn on it should be contained in a proper algebraic subvariety: this is a famous conjecture of Green-Griffiths and Lang. Following recent ideas of D. Brotbek, we will try to explain here a rather elementary proof of a related conjecture of Kobayashi, stating that a general algebraic hypersurface of sufficiently high degree is hyperbolic, i.e. does not contain any entire holomorphic curve.
19 février 2021 de 15 h 30 à 16 h 30 (heure de Montréal/HNE)
Local smoothing for the wave equation
The local smoothing problem asks about how much solutions to the wave equation can focus. It was formulated by Chris Sogge in the early 90s. Hong Wang, Ruixiang Zhang, and I recently proved the conjecture in two dimensions. In the talk, we will build up some intuition about waves to motivate the conjecture, and then discuss some of the obstacles and some ideas from the proof.
12 février 2021 de 15 h 30 à 16 h 30 (heure de Montréal/HNE)
Spatio-temporal methods for estimating subsurface ocean thermal response to tropical cyclones
Colloque par Mikael Kuusela (Carnegie Mellon University, USA)
Tropical cyclones (TCs), driven by heat exchange between the air and sea, pose a substantial risk to many communities around the world. Accurate characterization of the subsurface ocean thermal response to TC passage is crucial for accurate TC intensity forecasts and for understanding the role TCs play in the global climate system, yet that characterization is complicated by the high-noise ocean environment, correlations inherent in spatio-temporal data, relative scarcity of in situ observations and the entanglement of the TC-induced signal with seasonal signals. We present a general methodological framework that addresses these difficulties, integrating existing techniques in seasonal mean field estimation, Gaussian process modeling, and nonparametric regression into a functional ANOVA model. Importantly, we improve upon past work by properly handling seasonality, providing rigorous uncertainty quantification, and treating time as a continuous variable, rather than producing estimates that are binned in time. This functional ANOVA model is estimated using in situ subsurface temperature profiles from the Argo fleet of autonomous floats through a multi-step procedure, which (1) characterizes the upper ocean seasonal shift during the TC season; (2) models the variability in the temperature observations; (3) fits a thin plate spline using the variability estimates to account for heteroskedasticity and correlation between the observations. This spline fit reveals the ocean thermal response to TC passage. Through this framework, we obtain new scientific insights into the interaction between TCs and the ocean on a global scale, including a three-dimensional characterization of the near-surface and subsurface cooling along the TC storm track and the mixing-induced subsurface warming on the track's right side. Joint work with Addison Hu, Ann Lee, Donata Giglio and Kimberly Wood.
5 février 2021 de 15 h 00 à 16 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE)
Symmetry, barcodes, and Hamiltonian dynamics
Colloque par Egor Shelukhin (Université de Montréal, Canada)
Lauréat 2020 du prix de mathématiques André-Aisenstadt
In the early 60s Arnol'd has conjectured that Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms, the motions of classical mechanics, often possess more fixed points than required by classical topological considerations. In the late 80s and early 90s Floer has developed a powerful theory to approach this conjecture, considering fixed points as critical points of a certain functional. Recently, in joint work with L. Polterovich, we observed that Floer theory filtered by the values of this functional fits into the framework of persistence modules and their barcodes, originating in data sciences. I will review these developments and their applications, which arise from a natural time-symmetry of Hamiltonians. This includes new constraints on one-parameter subgroups of Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms, as well as my recent solution of the Hofer-Zehnder periodic points conjecture. The latter combines barcodes with equivariant cohomological operations in Floer theory recently introduced by Seidel to form a new method with further consequences.
29 janvier 2021 de 15 h 30 à 16 h 30 (heure de Montréal/HNE)
Small Area Estimation in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
The under-five mortality rate (U5MR) is a key barometer of the health of a nation. Unfortunately, many people living in low- and middle-income countries are not covered by civil registration systems. This makes estimation of the U5MR, particularly at the subnational level, difficult. In this talk, I will describe models that have been developed to produce the official United Nations (UN) subnational U5MR estimates in 22 countries. Estimation is based on household surveys, which use stratified, two-stage cluster sampling. I will describe a range of area- and unit-level models and describe the rationale for the modeling we carry out. Data sparsity in time and space is a key challenge, and smoothing models are vital. I will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of discrete and continuous spatial models, in the context of estimation at the scale at which health interventions are made. Other issues that will be touched upon include: design-based versus model-based inference; adjustments for HIV epidemics; the inclusion of so-called indirect (summary birth history) data; reproducibility through software availability; benchmarking; how to deal with incomplete geographical data; and working with the UN to produce estimates.
22 janvier 2021 de 15 h 00 à 16 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE)
Mean curvature flow through neck-singularities
Colloque par Robert Haslhofer (Université de Toronto, Canada)
Lauréat 2020 du prix de mathématiques André-Aisenstadt
A family of surfaces moves by mean curvature flow if the velocity at each point is given by the mean curvature vector. Mean curvature flow first arose as a model of evolving interfaces and has been extensively studied over the last 40 years.
In this talk, I will give an introduction and overview for a general mathematical audience. To gain some intuition we will first consider the one-dimensional case of evolving curves. We will then discuss Huisken’s classical result that the flow of convex surfaces always converges to a round point. On the other hand, if the initial surface is not convex we will see that the flow typically encounters singularities. Getting a hold of these singularities is crucial for most striking applications in geometry, topology and physics. Specifically, singularities can be either of neck-type or conical-type. We will discuss examples from the 90s, which show, both experimentally and theoretically, that flow through conical singularities is utterly non-unique.
In the last part of the talk, I will report on recent work with Kyeongsu Choi, Or Hershkovits and Brian White, where we proved that mean curvature flow through neck-singularities is unique. The key for this is a classification result for ancient asymptotically cylindrical flows that describes all possible blowup limits near a neck-singularity. In particular, this confirms the mean-convex neighborhood conjecture. Assuming Ilmanen’s multiplicity-one conjecture, we conclude that for embedded two-spheres mean curvature flow through singularities is well-posed.
27 novembre 2020 de 15 h 00 à 16 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Réunion Zoom
Moduli of unstable objects in algebraic geometry
Colloque par Frances Kirwan (Université d'Oxford)
Moduli spaces arise naturally in classification problems in geometry. The study of the moduli spaces of nonsingular complex projective curves (or equivalently of compact Riemann surfaces) goes back to Riemann himself in the nineteenth century. The construction of the moduli spaces of stable curves of fixed genus is one of the classical applications of Mumford's geometric invariant theory (GIT), developed in the 1960s; many other moduli spaces of 'stable' objects can be constructed using GIT and in other ways. A projective curve is stable if it has only very mild singularities (nodes) and its automorphism group is finite; similarly in other contexts stable objects are usually better behaved than unstable ones.
The aim of this talk is to explain how recent methods from a version of GIT for non-reductive group actions can help us to classify singular curves in such a way that we can construct moduli spaces of unstable curves (of fixed type). More generally our aim is to use suitable 'stability conditions' to stratify other moduli stacks into locally closed strata with coarse moduli spaces. The talk is based on joint work with Gergely Berczi, Vicky Hoskins and Joshua Jackson.
20 novembre 2020 de 15 h 00 à 16 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Réunion Zoom
Hodge Theory of p-adic varieties
Colloque par Wieslawa Niziol (CNRS, Université Sorbonne)
Conférence de la Chaire Aisenstadt
Semestre thématique : Théorie des nombres - Cohomologie en arithmétique
p-adic Hodge Theory is one of the most powerful tools in modern Arithmetic Geometry. In this talk, I will review p-adic Hodge Theory of algebraic varieties, present current developments in p-adic Hodge Theory of analytic varieties, and discuss some of its applications to problems in Number Theory.
Dans la cadre du Semestre thématique, Wieslawa Niziol donnera une série de quatre conférences dont celle-ci (Hodge Theory of p-adic varieties). Les trois suivantes auront lieu de 9 h 30 à 10 h 30, le lundi 30 novembre, le mardi 1er décembre et le mercredi 2 décembre 2020. Pour informations et inscription: http://www.crm.umontreal.ca/2020/Niziol20/
13 novembre 2020 de 15 h 30 à 16 h 30 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Réunion Zoom
Approximate Cross-Validation for Large Data and High Dimensions
Colloque par Tamara Broderick (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA)
The error or variability of statistical and machine learning algorithms is often assessed by repeatedly re-fitting a model with different weighted versions of the observed data. The ubiquitous tools of cross-validation (CV) and the bootstrap are examples of this technique. These methods are powerful in large part due to their model agnosticism but can be slow to run on modern, large data sets due to the need to repeatedly re-fit the model. We use a linear approximation to the dependence of the fitting procedure on the weights, producing results that can be faster than repeated re-fitting by orders of magnitude. This linear approximation is sometimes known as the "infinitesimal jackknife" (IJ) in the statistics literature, where it has mostly been used as a theoretical tool to prove asymptotic results. We provide explicit finite-sample error bounds for the infinitesimal jackknife in terms of a small number of simple, verifiable assumptions. Without further modification, though, we note that the IJ deteriorates in accuracy in high dimensions and incurs a running time roughly cubic in dimension. We additionally show, then, how dimensionality reduction can be used to successfully run the IJ in high dimensions when data is sparse or low rank. Simulated and real-data experiments support our theory.
16 octobre 2020 de 15 h 00 à 16 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Réunion Zoom
Trigonometric functions and modular symbols
Colloque par Nicolas Bergeron (École normale supérieure (Paris), France)
Conférence de la Chaire Aisenstadt
Semestre thématique : Théorie des nombres - Cohomologie en arithmétique
In his fantastic book “Elliptic functions according to Eisenstein and Kronecker”, Weil writes:
“As Eisenstein shows, his method for constructing elliptic functions applies beautifully to the simpler case of the trigonometric functions. Moreover, this case provides […] the simplest proofs for a series of results, originally discovered by Euler.”
The results Weil alludes to are relations between product of trigonometric functions. I will first explain how these relations are quite surprisingly governed by relations between modular symbols (whose elementary theory I will sketch). I will then show how this story fits into a wider picture that relates the topological world of group homology of some linear groups to the algebraic world of trigonometric and elliptic functions. To conclude I will briefly describe a number theoretical application.
This is based on a work-in-progress with Pierre Charollois, Luis Garcia and Akshay Venkatesh.
9 octobre 2020 de 15 h 00 à 16 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Réunion Zoom
Hodge Theory and Moduli
Colloque par Phillip Griffiths (Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, USA)
The theory of moduli is an important and active area in algebraic geometry. For varieties of general type the existence of a moduli space 
with a canonical completion 
has been proved by Kollar/Shepard-Barron/Alexeev. Aside from the classical case of algebraic curves, very little is known about the structure of , especially it’s boundary
. The period mapping from Hodge theory provides a tool for studying these issues.
In this talk, we will discuss some aspects of this topic with emphasis on I-surfaces, which provide one of the first examples where the theory has been worked out in some detail. Particular notice will me made of how the extension data in the limiting mixed Hodge structures that arise from singular surfaces on the boundary of moduli may be used to guide the desingularization of that boundary.
2 octobre 2020 de 15 h 30 à 16 h 30 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Réunion Zoom
Data Science, Classification, Clustering and Three-Way Data
Colloque par Paul McNicholas (Université McMaster, Canada)
Data science is discussed along with some historical perspective. Selected problems in classification are considered, either via specific datasets or general problem types. In each case, the problem is introduced before one or more potential solutions are discussed and applied. The problems discussed include data with outliers, longitudinal data, and three-way data. The proposed approaches are generally mixture model-based.
Responsables :
Erica E. M. Moodie (erica.moodie@mcgill.ca)
Yogendra P. Chaubey (yogen.chaubey@concordia.ca)
11 septembre 2020 de 16 h 00 à 17 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Réunion Zoom
Machine Learning for Causual Inference
Colloque par Stefan Wager (Stanford University, USA)
Given advances in machine learning over the past decades, it is now possible to accurately solve difficult non-parametric prediction problems in a way that is routine and reproducible. In this talk, I’ll discuss how machine learning tools can be rigorously integrated into observational study analyses, and how they interact with classical statistical ideas around randomization, semiparametric modeling, double robustness, etc. I’ll also survey some recent advances in methods for treatment heterogeneity. When deployed carefully, machine learning enables us to develop causal estimators that reflect an observational study design more closely than basic linear regression based methods.
19 juin 2020 de 16 h 00 à 17 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Réunion Zoom
Quantitative approaches to understanding the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection
Colloque par Morgan Craig (Université de Montréal)
La COVID-19 est généralement caractérisée par une série de symptômes respiratoires qui, dans les cas graves, évoluent vers un syndrome de détresse respiratoire aiguë (SDRA). Ces symptômes sont aussi fréquemment accompagnés d'une série d'indications inflammatoires, en particulier des réponses inflammatoires hyper-réactives et dérégulées sous forme de tempêtes de cytokines et d'une immunopathologie sévère. Il reste beaucoup à découvrir sur les mécanismes qui conduisent à des résultats disparates dans la COVID-19. Ici, des approches quantitatives, en particulier des modèles mathématiques mécanistes, peuvent être utilisées pour améliorer notre compréhension de la réponse immunitaire à l'infection par le SRAS-CoV-2.
En nous appuyant sur nos travaux antérieurs de modélisation de la production de sous-ensembles de cellules immunitaires innées et de la dynamique virale du VIH et des virus oncolytiques, nous développons un cadre quantitatif pour interroger les questions ouvertes sur la réaction immunitaire innée et adaptative dans COVID-19. Dans cet exposé, je présenterai nos récents travaux de modélisation de la dynamique virale du SRAS-CoV-2 et de la réponse immunitaire qui en découle, tant au niveau tissulaire que systémique. Une partie de ces travaux est réalisée dans le cadre d'une coalition internationale et multidisciplinaire qui travaille à la mise en place d'un simulateur tissulaire complet (physicell.org/covid19 [1]), dont je parlerai également plus en détail.
17 avril 2020 de 16 h 00 à 17 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Réunion Zoom
Observable events and typical trajectories in finite and infinite dimensional dynamical systems
Colloque par Lai-Sang Young (New York University Courant)
Les termes "événements observables" et "trajectoires typiques" dans le titre devraient vraiment être entre guillemets, car ce qui est typique et/ou observable est une question d'interprétation. Pour les systèmes dynamiques sur des espaces à dimensions finies, on assimile souvent les événements observables à des ensembles de mesures de Lebesgue positives, et les distributions invariantes qui reflètent les comportements en grand temps des ensembles de mesures de Lebesgue positives des conditions initiales (telles que la mesure de Liouville pour les systèmes hamiltoniens) sont considérées comme particulièrement importantes. Je commencerai par introduire ces concepts pour les systèmes dynamiques généraux - y compris ceux avec des attracteurs - en décrivant une image dynamique simple que l'on pourrait espérer vraie. Cette image ne tient pas toujours, malheureusement, mais une petite quantité de bruit aléatoire la fera apparaître. Dans la deuxième partie de mon exposé, je considérerai les systèmes dimensionnels infinis tels que les semi-flux issus des PDE évolutifs dissipatifs. Je discuterai de la mesure dans laquelle les idées ci-dessus peuvent être généralisées à des dimensions infinies, et je proposerai une notion de "solutions typiques".
16 mai 2019 de 16 h 00 à 18 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
Introduction to birational classification theory in dimension three and higher
Colloque par Jungkay A. Chen (National Taiwan University)
One of the main themes of algebraic geometry is to classify algebraic varieties and to study various geometric properties of each of the interesting classes. Classical theories of curves and surfaces give a beautiful framework of classification theory. Recent developments provide more details in the case of dimension three. We are going to introduce the three-dimensional story and share some expectations for even higher dimensions.
Adresse
UQAM, Pavillon Président-Kennedy, 201, ave du Président-Kennedy, salle PK-511510 mai 2019 de 16 h 00 à 18 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
Quantum Jacobi forms and applications
Colloque par Amanda Folsom (Amherst College)
Quantum modular forms were defined in 2010 by Zagier; they are somewhat analogous to ordinary modular forms, but they are defined on the rational numbers as opposed to the upper half complex plane, and have modified transformation properties. In 2016, Bringmann and the author defined the notion of a quantum Jacobi form, naturally marrying the concept of a quantum modular form with that of a Jacobi form (the theory of which was developed by Eichler and Zagier in the 1980s). We will discuss these intertwined topics, emphasizing recent developments and applications. In particular, we will discuss applications to combinatorics, topology (torus knots), and representation theory (VOAs).
Adresse
McGill University, Burnside Hall , 805 O., rue Sherbrooke, salle 11043 mai 2019 de 16 h 00 à 18 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
The stochastic heat equation and KPZ in dimensions three and higher
Colloque par Lenya Ryzhik (Stanford University)
The stochastic heat equation and the KPZ equation appear as the macroscopic limits for a large class of probabilistic models, and the study of KPZ, in particular, led to many fascinating developments in probability over the last decade or so, from the regularity structures to integrable probability. We will discuss a small group of recent results on these equations in simple settings, of the PDE flavour, that fall in line with what one may call naive expectations by an applied mathematician.
Adresse
McGill University, Burnside Hall , 805 O., rue Sherbrooke, salle 110426 avril 2019 de 16 h 00 à 18 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
Distinguishing finitely presented groups by their finite quotients
Colloque par Alan W. Reid (Rice University)
If G is a finitely generated group, let C(G) denote the set of finite quotients of G. This talk will survey work on the question of to what extent C(G) determines G up to isomorphism, culminating in a discussion of examples of Fuchsian and Kleinian groups that are determined by C(G) (amongst finitely generated residually finite groups).
Adresse
McGill University, Burnside Hall , 805 O., rue Sherbrooke, salle 1104
12 avril 2019 de 16 h 00 à 18 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
Linking in torus bundles and Hecke L functions
Colloque par Nicolas Bergeron (École normale supérieure (Paris), France)
Torus bundles over the circle are among the simplest and cutest examples of 3- dimensional manifolds. After presenting some of these examples, using in particular animations realized by Jos Leys, I will consider periodic orbits in these fiber bundles over the circle. We will see that their linking numbers --- that are rational numbers by definition --- can be computed as certain special values of Hecke L-functions. Properly generalized this viewpoint makes it possible to give new topological proof of now classical rationality or integrality theorems of Klingen-Siegel and Deligne-Ribet. It also leads to interesting new "arithmetic lifts" that I will briefly explain. All this is extracted from an on going joint work with Pierre Charollois, Luis Garcia and Akshay Venkatesh.
Adresse
McGill University, Burnside Hall , 805 O., rue Sherbrooke, salle 110429 mars 2019 de 16 h 00 à 18 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
Principal Bundles in Diophantine Geometry
Colloque par Minhyong Kim (University of Oxford)
Principal bundles and their moduli have been important in various aspects of physics and geometry for many decades. It is perhaps not so well-known that a substantial portion of the original motivation for studying them came from number theory, namely the study of Diophantine equations. I will describe a bit of this history and some recent developments.
Adresse
McGill University, Burnside Hall , 805 O., rue Sherbrooke, salle 110422 mars 2019 de 16 h 00 à 18 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
Flexibility in contact and symplectic geometry
Colloque par Emmy Murphy (Northwestern University)
We discuss a number of h-principle phenomena which were recently discovered in the field of contact and symplectic geometry. In generality, an h-principle is a method for constructing global solutions to underdetermined PDEs on manifolds by systematically localizing boundary conditions. In symplectic and contact geometry, these strategies typically are well suited for general constructions and partial classifications. Some of the results we discuss are the characterization of smooth manifolds admitting contact structures, high dimensional overtwistedness, the symplectic classification of flexibile Stein manifolds, and the construction of exotic Lagrangians in C^n.
Adresse
UQAM, Pavillon Président-Kennedy, 201, ave du Président-Kennedy, salle PK-511519 mars 2019 de 14 h 30 à 16 h 30 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
Special Colloquium : A constructive solution to Tarski’s circle squaring problem
Colloque par Andrew Marks (UCLA)
In 1925, Tarski posed the problem of whether a disc in R^2 can be partitioned into finitely many pieces which can be rearranged by isometries to form a square of the same area. Unlike the Banach-Tarski paradox in R^3, it can be shown that two Lebesgue measurable sets in R^2 cannot be equidecomposed by isometries unless they have the same measure. Hence, the disk and square must necessarily be of the same area. In 1990, Laczkovich showed that Tarski’s circle squaring problem has a positive answer using the axiom of choice. We give a completely constructive solution to the problem and describe an explicit (Borel) way to equidecompose a circle and a square. This answers a question of Wagon. Our proof has three main ingredients. The first is work of Laczkovich in Diophantine approximation. The second is recent progress in a research program in descriptive set theory to understand how the complexity of a countable group is related to the complexity of the equivalence relations generated by its Borel actions. The third ingredient is ideas coming from the study of flows in networks. This is joint work with Spencer Unger.
Adresse
McGill University, Burnside Hall , 805 O., rue Sherbrooke, salle 110415 mars 2019 de 16 h 00 à 18 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
Persistent homology as an invariant, rather than as an approximation
Colloque par Shmuel Weinberger (University of Chicago)
Persistent homology is a very simple idea that was initially introduced as a way of understanding the underlying structure of an object from, perhaps noisy, samples of the object, and has been used as a tool in biology, material sciences, mapping and elsewhere. I will try to explain some of this, but perhaps also some more mathematical applications within geometric group theory. Then I'd like to pivot and study the part that traditionally has been thrown away, and show that this piece is relevant to approximation theory (a la Chebyshev), closed geodesics (a la Gromov), and to problems of quantitative topology (joint work with Ferry, Chambers, Dotter, and Manin).
Adresse
McGill University, Burnside Hall , 805, rue Sherbrooke O., salle/Room11042 novembre 2018 de 16 h 00 à 17 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE)
The complexity of detecting cliques and cycles in random graphs
A strong form of the P ≠ NP conjecture holds that no algorithm faster than n^{O(k)} solves the k-clique problem with high probability when the input is an Erdös–Rényi random graph with an appropriate edge density. Toward this conjecture, I will describe a line of work lower-bounding the average-case complexity of k-clique (and other subgraph isomorphism problems) in weak models of computation: namely, restricted classes of booleancircuits and formulas. Along the way I will discuss some of the history and current frontiers in Circuit Complexity. Joint work with Ken-ichi Kawarabayashi, Yuan Li and Alexander Razborov.
Adresse
CRM, Université de Montréal, Pavillon André-Aisenstadt, salle 135528 septembre 2018 de 16 h 00 à 17 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
A delay differential equation with a solution whose shortened segments are dense
Colloque par Hans-Otto Walther (Universität Giessen)
Simple-looking autonomous delay differential equations 
with a real function 
and single time lag 
can generate complicated (chaotic) solution behaviour, depending on the shape of . The same could be shown for equations with a variable, state-dependent delay 
, even for the linear case 
with 
. Here the argument 
of the {\it delay functional} 
is the history of the solution 
between 
and t defined as the function 
given by 
. So the delay alone may be responsible for complicated solution behaviour. In both cases the complicated behaviour which could be established occurs in a thin dust-like invariant subset of the infinite-dimensional Banach space or manifold of functions 
on which the delay equation defines a nice semiflow. The lecture presents a result which grew out of an attempt to obtain complicated motion on a larger set with non-empty interior, as certain numerical experiments seem to suggest. For some 
we construct a delay functional 
, 
an infinite-dimensional subset of the space 
, so that the equation 
has a solution whose {\it short segments} 
, 
, are dense in the space 
. This implies a new kind of complicated behaviour of the flowline 
. Reference: H. O. Walther, {\em A delay differential equation with a solution whose shortened segments are dense}.\\ J. Dynamics Dif. Eqs., to appear.
Adresse
McGill University, Burnside Hall, salle 1104, 805 rue Sherbrooke O21 septembre 2018 de 16 h 00 à 17 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
Algebraic structures for topological summaries of data
Colloque par Ezra Miller (Duke University)
This talk introduces an algebraic framework to encode, compute, and analyze topological summaries of data. The main motivating problem, from evolutionary biology, involves statistics on a dataset comprising images of fruit fly wing veins, which amount to embedded planar graphs with varying combinatorics. Additional motivation comes from statistics more generally, the goal being to summarize unknown probability distributions from samples. The algebraic structures for topological summaries take their cue from graded polynomial rings and their modules, but the theory is complicated by the passage from integer exponent vectors to real exponent vectors. The key to making the structures practical for data science applications is a finiteness condition that encodes topological tameness -- which occurs in all modules arising from data -- robustly, in equivalent combinatorial and homological algebraic ways. Out of the tameness condition surprisingly falls much of ordinary commutative algebra, including syzygy theorems and primary decomposition.
Adresse
UQAM, Pavillon Président-Kennedy, 201, av. du Président-Kennedy, salle PK-51154 mai 2018 de 16 h 00 à 18 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
Klein-Gordon-Maxwell-Proca systems in the Riemannian setting
Colloque par Emmanuel Hebey (Université de Cergy-Pontoise)
We intend to give a general talk about Klein-Gordon-Maxwell-Proca systems which we aim to be accessible to a broad audience. We will insist on the Proca contribution and then discuss the kind of results one can prove in the electromagneto static case of the equations.
Adresse
UQAM, pavillon Président-Kennedy, 201, av. du Président-Kennedy, salle PK5115
13 avril 2018 de 16 h 00 à 18 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
Local-global principles in number theory
Colloque par Eva Bayer-Fluckiger (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne)
One of the classical tools of number theory is the socalled localglobal principle, or Hasse principle, going back to Hasse's work in the 1920's. His first results concern quadratic forms, and norms of number fields. Over the years, many positive and negative results were proved, and there is now a huge number of results in this topic. This talk will present some old and new results, in particular in the continuation of Hasse's cyclic norm theorem. These have been obtained jointly with Parimala and Tingyu Lee.
Adresse
UQAM, pavillon Président-Kennedy, 201, av. du Président-Kennedy, salle PK511523 février 2018 de 16 h 00 à 18 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
Cluster theory of the coherent Satake category
Colloque par Sabin Cautis (University of British Columbia)
The affine Grassmannian, though a somewhat esoteric looking object at first sight, is a fundamental algebrogeometric construction lying at the heart of a series of ideas connecting number theory (and the Langlands program) to geometric representation theory, low dimensional topology and mathematical physics. Historically it is popular to study the category of constructible perverse sheaves on the affine Grassmannian. This leads to the *constructible* Satake category and the celebrated (geometric) Satake equivalence. More recently it has become apparent that it makes sense to also study the category of perverse *coherent* sheaves (the coherent Satake category). Motivated by certain ideas in mathematical physics this category is conjecturally governed by a cluster algebra structure. We will illustrate the geometry of the affine Grassmannian in an elementary way, discuss what we mean by a cluster algebra structure and then describe a solution to this conjecture in the case of general linear groups.
Adresse
UQAM, Pavillon Président-Kennedy, 201, ave du Président-Kennedy, salle PK511516 février 2018 de 16 h 00 à 18 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
Quantum n-body problem: generalized Euler coordinates (from J-L Lagrange to Figure Eight by Moore and Ter-Martirosyan, then and today)
Colloque par Alexandre Turbiner (UNAM)
The potential of the n-body problem, both classical and quantum, depends only on the relative (mutual) distances between bodies. By generalized Euler coordinates we mean relative distances and angles. Their advantage over Jacobi coordinates is emphasized. The NEW IDEA is to study trajectories in both classical, and eigenstates in quantum systems which depends on relative distances ALONE. We show how this study is equivalent to the study of (i) the motion of a particle (quantum or classical) in curved space of dimension n(n-1)/2 or the study of (ii) the Euler-Arnold (quantum or classical) - sl(n(n-1)/2, R) algebra top. The curved space of (i) has a number of remarkable properties. In the 3body case the {\it deQuantization} of quantum Hamiltonian leads to a classical Hamiltonian which solves a ~250-years old problem posed by Lagrange on 3-body planar motion.
Adresse
CRM, Université de Montréal, Pavillon André-Aisenstadt, salle 625416 février 2018 de 15 h 30 à 17 h 30 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
The Law of Large Populations: The return of the long-ignored N and how it can affect our 2020 vision
Colloque par Xiao-Li Meng (Harvard University)
For over a century now, we statisticians have successfully convinced ourselves and almost everyone else, that in statistical inference the size of the population N can be ignored, especially when it is large. Instead, we focused on the size of the sample, n, the key driving force for both the Law of Large Numbers and the Central Limit Theorem. We were thus taught that the statistical error (standard error) goes down with n typically at the rate of 1/√n. However, all these rely on the presumption that our data have perfect quality, in the sense of being equivalent to a probabilistic sample. A largely overlooked statistical identity, a potential counterpart to the Euler identity in mathematics, reveals a Law of Large Populations (LLP), a law that we should be all afraid of. That is, once we lose control over data quality, the systematic error (bias) in the usual estimators, relative to the benchmarking standard error from simple random sampling, goes up with N at the rate of √N. The coefficient in front of √N can be viewed as a data defect index, which is the simple Pearson correlation between the reporting/recording indicator and the value reported/recorded. Because of the multiplier√N, a seemingly tiny correlation, say, 0.005, can have detrimental effect on the quality of inference. Without understanding of this LLP, “big data” can do more harm than good because of the drastically inflated precision assessment hence a gross overconfidence, setting us up to be caught by surprise when the reality unfolds, as we all experienced during the 2016 US presidential election. Data from Cooperative Congressional Election Study (CCES, conducted by Stephen Ansolabehere, Douglas River and others, and analyzed by Shiro Kuriwaki), are used to estimate the data defect index for the 2016 US election, with the aim to gain a clearer vision for the 2020 election and beyond.
Adresse
McGill University, OTTO MAASS 217
9 février 2018 de 16 h 00 à 18 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
Persistence modules in symplectic topology
Colloque par Egor Shelukhin (Université de Montréal, Canada)
In order to resolve Vladimir Arnol'd's famous conjecture from the 1960's, giving lower bounds on the number of fixed points of Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms of a symplectic manifold, Andreas Floer has associated in the late 1980's a homology theory to the Hamiltonian action functional on the loop space of the manifold. It was known for a long time that this homology theory can be filtered by the values of the action functional, yielding information about metric invariants in symplectic topology (Hofer's metric, for example). We discuss a recent marriage between the filtered version of Floer theory and persistent homology, a new field of mathematics that has its origins in data analysis, providing examples of new ensuing results.
Adresse
UQAM, Pavillon Président-Kennedy, 201, ave du Président-Kennedy, salle PK511512 janvier 2018 de 16 h 00 à 18 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
What is quantum chaos
Colloque par Semyon Dyatlov (UC Berkeley / MIT)
Where do eigenfunctions of the Laplacian concentrate as eigenvalues go to infinity? Do they equidistribute or do they concentrate in an uneven way? It turns out that the answer depends on the nature of the geodesic flow. I will discuss various results in the case when the flow is chaotic: the Quantum Ergodicity theorem of Shnirelman, Colin de Verdière, and Zelditch, the Quantum Unique Ergodicity conjecture of Rudnick-Sarnak, the progress on it by Lindenstrauss and Soundararajan, and the entropy bounds of Anantharaman-Nonnenmacher. I will conclude with a recent lower bound on the mass of eigenfunctions obtained with Jin. It relies on a new tool called "fractal uncertainty principle" developed in the works with Bourgain and Zahl.
Adresse
CRM, Université de Montréal, Pavillon André-Aisenstadt, salle 62548 décembre 2017 de 16 h 00 à 16 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
Primes with missing digits
Colloque par James Maynard (University of Oxford)
Many famous open questions about primes can be interpreted as questions about the digits of primes in a given base. We will talk about recent work showing there are infinitely many primes with no 7 in their decimal expansion. (And similarly with 7 replaced by any other digit.) This shows the existence of primes in a 'thin' set of numbers (sets which contain at most X^{1c} elements less than X) which is typically very difficult. The proof relies on a fun mixture of tools including Fourier analysis, Markov chains, Diophantine approximation, combinatorial geometry as well as tools from analytic number theory
Adresse
UQAM, Pavillon Président-Kennedy, 201, ave du Président-Kennedy, salle PK511524 novembre 2017 de 15 h 30 à 17 h 30 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
150 years (and more) of data analysis in Canada
Colloque par David R. Bellhouse (Western University, London, Ontario)
As Canada celebrates its 150th anniversary, it may be good to reflect on the past and future of data analysis and statistics in this country. In this talk, I will review the Victorian Statistics Movement and its effect in Canada, data analysis by a Montréal physician in the 1850s, a controversy over data analysis in the 1850s and 60s centred in Montréal, John A. MacDonald’s use of statistics, the Canadian insurance industry and the use of statistics, the beginning of mathematical statistics in Canada, the Fisherian revolution, the influence of Fisher, Neyman and Pearson, the computer revolution, and the emergence of data science.
Adresse
Université McGill, Leacock Building, salle LEA 23224 novembre 2017 de 15 h 30 à 17 h 30 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
Complex analysis and 2D statistical physics
Over the last decades, there was much progress in understanding 2D lattice models of critical phenomena. It started with several theories, developed by physicists. Most notably, Conformal Field Theory led to spectacular predictions for 2D lattice models: e.g., critical percolation cluster a.s. has Hausdorff dimension $91/48$, while the number of selfavoiding length $N$ walks on the hexagonal lattice grows like $(\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}})^N N^{11/32}$. While the algebraic framework of CFT is rather solid, rigorous arguments relating it to lattice models were lacking. More recently, mathematical approaches were developed, allowing not only for rigorous proofs of many such results, but also for new physical intuition. We will discuss some of the applications of complex analysis to the study of 2D lattice models.
Adresse
CRM, Université de Montréal, Pavillon André-Aisenstadt, salle 625417 novembre 2017 de 16 h 00 à 18 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
Recent progress on De Giorgi Conjecture
Colloque par Jun-Cheng Wei (UBC)
Classifying solutions to nonlinear partial differential equations are fundamental research in PDEs. In this talk, I will report recent progress made in classifying some elementary PDEs, starting with the De Giorgi Conjecture (1978). I will discuss the classification of global minimizers and finite Morse index solutions, relation with minimal surfaces and Toda integrable systems, as well as recent exciting developments in fractional De Giorgi Conjecture.
Adresse
UQAM, Pavillon Président-Kennedy, 201, ave du Président-Kennedy, salle PK511527 octobre 2017 de 16 h 00 à 18 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
Beneath the Surface: Geometry Processing at the Intrinsic/Extrinsic Interface
Colloque par Justin Solomon (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)
Algorithms for analyzing 3D surfaces find application in diverse fields from computer animation to medical imaging, manufacturing, and robotics. Reflecting a bias dating back to the early development of differential geometry, a disproportionate fraction of these algorithms focuses on discovering intrinsic shape properties, or those measurable along a surface without considering the surrounding space. This talk will summarize techniques to overcome this bias by developing a geometry processing pipeline that treats intrinsic and extrinsic geometry democratically. We describe theoreticallyjustified, stable algorithms that can characterize extrinsic shape from surface representations. In particular, we will show two strategies for computational extrinsic geometry. In our first approach, we will show how the discrete LaplaceBeltrami operator of a triangulated surface accompanied with the same operator for its offset determines the surface embedding up to rigid motion. In the second, we will treat a surface as the boundary of a volume rather than as a thin shell, using the Steklov (DirichlettoNeumann) eigenproblem as the basis for developing volumetric spectral shape analysis algorithms without discretizing the interior.
Adresse
UdeM, Pavillon André-Aisenstadt, salle 625413 octobre 2017 de 16 h 00 à 18 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
Supercritical Wave Equations
Colloque par Avi Soffer (Rutgers University)
I will review the problem of Global existence for dispersive equations, in particular, supercritical equations. These equations who play a fundamental role in science, have been , and remain a major challenge in the field of Partial Differential Equations. They come in various forms, derived from Geometry, General Relativity, Fluid Dynamics, Field Theory. I present a new approach to classify the asymptotic behavior of wave equations, supercritical and others, and construct global solutions with large initial data. I will then describe current extensions to Nonlinear Schroedinger Equations.
Adresse
UdeM, Pavillon André-Aisenstadt, salle 625429 septembre 2017 de 16 h 00 à 18 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
The first field
Colloque par John H. Conway (Princeton University)
The “first field” is obtained by making the entries in its addition and multiplication tables be the smallest possibilities. It is really an interesting field that contains the integers, but with new addition and multiplication tables. For example, 2 x 2 = 3, 5 x 7 = 13, ... It extends to the infinite ordinals and the first infinite ordinal is the cube root of 2!
Adresse
UdeM, Pavillon André-Aisenstadt, salle 114015 septembre 2017 de 16 h 00 à 18 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
Isometric embedding and quasi-local type inequality
In this talk, we will first review the classic Weyl's embedding problem and its application in quasilocal mass. We will then discuss some recent progress on Weyl's embedding problem in general Riemannian manifold. Assuming isometric embedding into Schwarzschild manifold, we will further establish a quasilocal type inequality. This talk is based on works joint with Pengfei Guan and Pengzi Miao.
Adresse
UQAM, Pavillon Président-Kennedy, 201, ave du Président-Kennedy, salle PK51155 mai 2017 de 16 h 00 à 16 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
From the geometry of numbers to Arakelov geometry
Colloque par Gerard Freixas (Institut de Mathématiques de Jussieu)
Arakelov geometry is a modern formalism that extends in various directions the geometry of numbers founded by Minkowski in the nineteenth century. The objects of study are arithmetic varieties, namely complex varieties that can be defined by polynomial equations with integer coefficients. The theory exploits the interplay between algebraic geometry and number theory and complex analysis and differential geometry. Recently, the formalism found beautiful and important applications to the socalled Kudla programme and the Colmez conjecture. In the talk, I will first introduce elementary facts in Minkowski's geometry of numbers. This will provide a motivation for the sequel, where I will give my own view of Arakelov geometry, by focusing on toy (but nontrivial) examples of one of the central theorems in the theory, the arithmetic RiemannRoch theorem mainly due to Bismut, Gillet and Soulé, and generalizations. I hope there will be ingredients to satisfy different tastes, for instance modular forms (arithmetic aspect), analytic torsion (analytic aspect) and Selberg zeta functions (arithmetic, analytic and dynamic aspects).
Adresse
UQAM, Pavillon Président-Kennedy, 201, ave du Président-Kennedy, salle PK511521 avril 2017 de 16 h 00 à 16 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
Introduction to the Energy Identity for Yang-Mills
Colloque par Aaron Naber (Northwestern University)
In this talk we give an introduction to the analysis of the YangMills equation in higher dimensions. In particular, when studying sequences of solutions we will study the manner in which blow up can occur, and how this blow up may be understood through the classical notions of the defect measure and bubbles. The energy identity is an explicit conjectural relationship, known to be true in dimension four, relating the energy density of the defect measure at a point to the bubbles which occur at that point, and we will give a brief overview of the recent proof of this result for general stationary Yang Mills in higher dimensions. The work is joint with Daniele Valtorta.
Adresse
UQAM, Pavillon Président-Kennedy, 201, ave du Président-Kennedy, salle PK511531 mars 2017 de 16 h 00 à 18 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
PDEs on non-smooth domains
Colloque par Tatiana Toro (University of Washington)
In these lecture we will discuss the relationship between the boundary regularity of the solutions to elliptic second order divergence form partial differential equations and the geometry of the boundary of the domain where they are defined. While in the smooth setting tools from classical PDEs are used to address this question, in the nonsmooth setting techniques from harmonic analysis and geometric measure theory are needed to tackle the problem. The goal is to present an overview of the recent developments in this very active area of research.
Adresse
UQAM, Pavillon Président-Kennedy, 201, ave du Président-Kennedy, salle PK511517 mars 2017 de 15 h 30 à 17 h 30 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
Inference in Dynamical Systems
Colloque par Sayan Mukherjee (Duke University)
We consider the asymptotic consistency of maximum likelihood parameter estimation for dynamical systems observed with noise. Under suitable conditions on the dynamical systems and the observations, we show that maximum likelihood parameter estimation is consistent. Furthermore, we show how some wellstudied properties of dynamical systems imply the general statistical properties related to maximum likelihood estimation. Finally, we exhibit classical families of dynamical systems for which maximum likelihood estimation is consistent. Examples include shifts of finite type with Gibbs measures and Axiom A attractors with SRB measures. We also relate Bayesian inference to the thermodynamic formalism in tracking dynamical systems.
Adresse
McGill University, Burnside Hall, 805 Sherbrooke Ouest, salle 120510 mars 2017 de 16 h 00 à 18 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
Probabilistic aspects of minimum spanning trees
Colloque par Louigi Addario-Berry (Université McGill)
One of the most dynamic areas of probability theory is the study of the behaviour of discrete optimization problems on random inputs. My talk will focus on the probabilistic analysis of one of the first and foundational combinatorial optimization problems: the minimum spanning tree problem. The structure of a random minimum spanning tree (MST) of a graph G turns out to be intimately linked to the behaviour of critical and nearcritical percolation on G. I will describe this connection, and present some results on the structure, scaling limits, and volume growth of random MSTs. It turns out that, on highdimensional graphs, random minimum spanning trees are expected to be threedimensional when viewed intrinsically, and sixdimensional when viewed as embedded objects. Based on joint works with Nicolas Broutin, Christina Goldschmidt, Simon Griffiths, Ross Kang, Gregory Miermont, Bruce Reed, Sanchayan Sen.
Adresse
CRM, Université de Montréal, Pavillon André-Aisenstadt, 2920 Chemin de la Tour, salle 625424 février 2017 de 16 h 00 à 18 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
Spreading phenomena in integrodifference equations with overcompensatory growth function
Colloque par Frithjof Lutscher (Université d'Ottawa)
The globally observed phenomenon of the spread of invasive biological species with all its sometimes detrimental effects on native ecosystems has spurred intense mathematical research and modelling efforts into corresponding phenomena of spreading speeds and travelling waves. The standard modelling framework for such processes is based on reaction diffusion equations, but several aspects of an invasion can only be appropriately described by a discretetime analogues, called integrodifference equations. The theory of spreading speeds and travelling waves in such integrodifference equations is well established for the "monostable" case, i.e. when the nonspatial dynamics show a globally stable positive steady state. When the positive state of the nonspatial dynamics is not stable, as is the case with the famous discrete logistic equation, it is unclear how the corresponding spatial spread profile evolves and at what speed. Previous simulations seemed to reveal a travelling profile in the form of a twocycle, with or without spatial oscillations. The existence of a travelling wave solution has been proven, but its shape and stability remain unclear. In this talk, I will show simulations that suggest that there are several travelling profiles at different speeds. I will establish corresponding generalizations of the concept of a spreading speed and prove the existence of such speeds and travelling waves in the second iterate operator. I conjecture that rather than a travelling twocycle for the nextgeneration operator, one observes a pair of stacked fronts for the seconditerate operator. I will relate the observations to the phenomenon of dynamic stabilization.
Adresse
CRM, Université de Montréal, Pavillon André-Aisenstadt, 2920 Chemin de la Tour, salle 625410 février 2017 de 16 h 00 à 18 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
Knot concordance
Colloque par Mark Powell (UQAM)
I will introduce the knot concordance group, give a survey of our current understanding of it and discuss some relationships with the topology of 4-manifolds.
Adresse
UQAM, Pavillon Président-Kennedy, 201, ave du Président-Kennedy, salle PK511520 janvier 2017 de 16 h 00 à 18 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
The Birch-Swinnerton Dyer Conjecture and counting elliptic curves of ranks 0 and 1
Colloque par Christopher Skinner (Princeton University)
This colloquium talk will begin with an introduction to the Birch-Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture for elliptic curves -- just curves defined by the equations y^2=x^3+Ax+B -- and then describe recent advances that allow us to prove that lots of elliptic curves have rank zero or one.
Adresse
UQAM, Pavillon Président-Kennedy, 201, ave du Président-Kennedy, salle PK51152 décembre 2016 de 16 h 00 à 18 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
Partial differential equations of mixed elliptic-hyperbolic type in mechanics and geometry
As is well-known, two of the basic types of linear partial differential equations (PDEs) are hyperbolic PDEs and elliptic PDEs, following the classification for linear PDEs first proposed by Jacques Hadamard in the 1920s; and linear theories of PDEs of these two types have been well established, respectively. On the other hand, many nonlinear PDEs arising in mechanics, geometry, and other areas naturally are of mixed elliptichyperbolic type. The solution of some longstanding fundamental problems in these areas greatly requires a deep understanding of such nonlinear PDEs of mixed type. Important examples include shock reflection-diffraction problems in fluid mechanics (the Euler equations) and isometric embedding problems in differential geometry (the Gauss-CodazziRicci equations), among many others. In this talk we will present natural connections of nonlinear PDEs of mixed elliptic-hyperbolic type with these longstanding problems and will then discuss some recent developments in the analysis of these nonlinear PDEs through the examples with emphasis on developing and identifying mathematical approaches, ideas, and techniques for dealing with the mixed-type problems. Further trends, perspectives, and open problems in this direction will also be addressed.
Adresse
UQAM, Pavillon Président-Kennedy, 201, ave du Président-Kennedy, salle PK51151 décembre 2016 de 15 h 30 à 17 h 30 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
High-dimensional changepoint estimation via sparse projection
Colloque par Richard Samworth (University of Cambridge)
Changepoints are a very common feature of Big Data that arrive in the form of a data stream. We study highdimensional time series in which, at certain time points, the mean structure changes in a sparse subset of the coordinates. The challenge is to borrow strength across the coordinates in order to detect smaller changes than could be observed in any individual component series. We propose a twostage procedure called 'inspect' for estimation of the changepoints: first, we argue that a good projection direction can be obtained as the leading left singular vector of the matrix that solves a convex optimisation problem derived from the CUSUM transformation of the time series. We then apply an existing univariate changepoint detection algorithm to the projected series. Our theory provides strong guarantees on both the number of estimated changepoints and the rates of convergence of their locations, and our numerical studies validate its highly competitive empirical performance for a wide range of data generating mechanisms.
Adresse
Room 1205, Burnside Hall, 805 Sherbrooke West26 novembre 2016 de 16 h 00 à 18 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
Around the Möbius function
Colloque par Maksym Radziwill (McGill University)
The Moebius function plays a central role in number theory; both the prime number theorem and the Riemann Hypothesis are naturally formulated in terms of the amount of cancellations one gets when summing the Moebius function. In recent joint work with K. Matomaki the speaker showed that the sum of the Moebius function exhibits cancellations in "almost all intervals'' of increasing length. This goes beyond what was previously known conditionally on the Riemann Hypothesis. The result holds in fact in greater generality. Exploiting this generality one can show that between a fixed number of consecutive squares there is always an integer composed of only "small'' prime factors. This is related to the running time of Lenstra's factoring algorithm. I will also discuss some further developments : the work of Tao on correlations between consecutive values of Chowla, and his application of this result to the resolution of the Erdos discrepancy problem.
Adresse
UQAM, Pavillon Président-Kennedy, 201, ave du Président-Kennedy, salle PK51154 novembre 2016 de 16 h 00 à 18 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
The nonlinear stability of Minkowski space for self-gravitating massive fields
Colloque par Philippe G. LeFloch (Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 6)
will review results on the global evolution of selfgravitating massive matter in the context of Einstein's theory as well as the f(R)theory of gravity. In collaboration with Yue Ma (Xian), I have investigated the global existence problem for the Einstein equations coupled with a KleinGordon equation describing the evolution of a massive scalar field. Our main theorem establishes the global nonlinear stability of Minkowski spacetime upon small perturbations of the metric and the matter field. Recall that the fully geometric proof by Christodoulou and Klainerman in 1993, as well as the proof in wave gauge by Lindblad and Rodnianski in 2010, both apply to vacuum spacetimes and massless fields only. Our new technique of proof, which we refer to as the Hyperboloidal Foliation Method, does not use Minkowski's scaling field and is based on a foliation of the spacetime by asymptotically hyperboloidal spacelike hypersurfaces, on sharp estimates for wave and KleinGordon equations, and on an analysis of the quasinull hyperboloidal structure (as we call it) of the Einstein equations in wave gauge.
Adresse
CRM, Pavillon André-Aisenstadt, 2920 chemin de la tour, salle 625428 octobre 2016 de 15 h 30 à 17 h 30 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
Efficient tests of covariate effects in two-phase failure time studies
Colloque par Jerry Lawless (University of Waterloo)
Two-phase studies are frequently used when observations on certain variables are expensive or difficult to obtain. One such situation is when a cohort exists for which certain variables have been measured (phase 1 data); then, a subsample of individuals is selected, and additional data are collected on them (phase 2). Efficiency for tests and estimators can be increased by basing the selection of phase 2 individuals on data collected at phase 1. For example, in large cohorts, expensive genomic measurements are often collected at phase 2, with oversampling of persons with “extreme” phenotypic responses. A second example is casecohort or nested casecontrol studies involving times to rare events, where phase 2 oversamples persons who have experienced the event by a certain time. In this talk I will describe twophase studies on failure times, present efficient methods for testing covariate effects. Some extensions to more complex outcomes and areas needing further development will be discussed.
Adresse
Room 1205, Burnside Hall, 805 Sherbrooke West21 octobre 2016 de 16 h 00 à 16 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
Integrable probability and the KPZ universality class
Colloque par Ivan Corwin (Columbia University)
I will explain how certain integrable structures give rise to meaningful probabilistic systems and methods to analyze them. Asymptotics reveal universal phenomena, such as the KardarParisiZhang universality class. No prior knowledge will be assumed.
Adresse
CRM, Pavillon André-Aisenstadt, 2920 chemin de la tour, salle 625414 octobre 2016 de 16 h 00 à 18 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
Rigorously verified computing for infinite dimensional nonlinear dynamics: a functional analytic approach
Colloque par Jean-Philippe Lessard (Centre de recherches mathématiques)
Studying and proving existence of solutions of nonlinear dynamical systems using standard analytic techniques is a challenging problem. In particular, this problem is even more challenging for partial differential equations, variational problems or functional delay equations which are naturally defined on infinite dimensional function spaces. The goal of this talk is to present rigorous numerical technique relying on functional analytic and topological tools to prove existence of steady states, time periodic solutions, traveling waves and connecting orbits for the above mentioned dynamical systems. We will spend some time identifying difficulties of the proposed approach as well as time to identify future directions of research.
Adresse
CRM, Pavillon André-Aisenstadt, 2920 chemin de la tour, salle 625430 septembre 2016 de 16 h 00 à 18 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
Notions of simplicity in low-dimensions
Colloque par Liam Watson (Université de Sherbrooke)
Various auxiliary structures arise naturally in lowdimensions. I will discuss three of these: leftorders on the fundamental group, taut foliations on threemanifolds, and nontrivial Floer homological invariants. Perhaps surprisingly, for (closed, connected, orientable, irreducible) threemanifolds, it has been conjectured that the existence of any one of these structures implies the others. I will describe what is currently known about this conjectural relationship, as well as some of the machinery — particularly in Heegaard Floer theory — that has been developed in pursuit of the conjecture.
Adresse
UQAM, Pavillon Président-Kennedy, 201, ave du Président-Kennedy, salle PK511516 septembre 2016 de 16 h 00 à 18 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
Statistical Inference for fractional diffusion processes
Colloque par B.L.S. Prakasa Rao (CR Rao Advanced Institute, Hyderabad, India)
There are some time series which exhibit longrange dependence as noticed by Hurst in his investigations of river water levels along Nile river. Longrange dependence is connected with the concept of selfsimilarity in that increments of a selfsimilar process with stationary increments exhibit longrange dependence under some conditions. Fractional Brownian motion is an example of such a process. We discuss statistical inference for stochastic processes modeled by stochastic differential equations driven by a fractional Brownian motion. These processes are termed as fractional diffusion processes. Since fractional Brownian motion is not a semimartingale, it is not possible to extend the notion of a stochastic integral with respect to a fractional Brownian motion following the ideas of Ito integration. There are other methods of extending integration with respect to a fractional Brownian motion. Suppose a complete path of a fractional diffusion process is observed over a finite time interval. We will present some results on inference problems for such processes.
Adresse
Université Concordia, Library Building, 1400 de Maisonneuve O., salle LB921.0416 septembre 2016 de 16 h 00 à 18 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
Cubature, approximation, and isotropy in the hypercube
Colloque par Nick Trefethen (University of Oxford)
The hypercube is the standard domain for computation in higher dimensions. We describe two respects in which the anisotropy of this domain has practical consequences. The first is a matter well known to experts (and to Chebfun users): the importance of axisalignment in lowrank compression of multivariate functions. Rotating a function by a few degrees in two or more dimensions may change its numerical rank completely. The second is new. The standard notion of degree of a multivariate polynomial, total degree, is isotropic – invariant under rotation. The hypercube, however, is highly anisotropic. We present a theorem showing that as a consequence, the convergence rate of multivariate polynomial approximations in a hypercube is determined not by the total degree but by the {\em Euclidean degree,} defined in terms of not the 1norm but the 2norm of the exponent vector $\bf k$ of a monomial $x_1^{k_1}\cdots x_s^{k_s}$. The consequences, which relate to established ideas of cubature and approximation going back to James Clark Maxwell, are exponentially pronounced as the dimension of the hypercube increases. The talk will include numerical demonstrations.
Adresse
UQAM, Pavillon Président-Kennedy, 201, ave du Président-Kennedy, salle PK51159 avril 2015 de 16 h 00 à 18 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
Modular generating series and arithmetic geometry
Colloque par Stephen S. Kudla (University of Toronto)
I will survey the development of the theory of theta series and describe some recent advances/work in progress on arithmetic theta series. The construction and modularity of theta series as counting functions for lattice points for positive definite quadratic forms is a beautiful piece of classical mathematics with its origins in the mid 19th century. Siegel initiated the study of the analogue for indefinite quadratic forms. Millson and I introduced a geometric variant in which the theta series give rise to modular generating series for the cohomology classes of "special" algebraic cycles on locally symmetric varieties. These results motivate the definition of analogous generating series for the classes of such special cycles in the Chow groups and for the classes in the arithmetic Chow groups of their integral extensions. The modularity of such series is a difficult problem. I will discuss various cases in which recent progress has been made and some of the difficulties involved.
Adresse
CRM, UdeM, Pav. André-Aisenstadt, 2920, ch. de la Tour, salle 62542 avril 2015 de 16 h 00 à 18 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
Uniqueness of blowups and Lojasiewicz inequalities
Colloque par William Minicozzi (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)
The mean curvature flow (MCF) of any closed hypersurface becomes singular in finite time. Once one knows that singularities occur, one naturally wonders what the singularities are like. For minimal varieties the first answer, by Federer-Fleming in 1959, is that they weakly resemble cones. For MCF, by the combined work of Huisken, Ilmanen, and White, singularities weakly resemble shrinkers. Unfortunately, the simple proofs leave open the possibility that a minimal variety or a MCF looked at under a microscope will resemble one blowup, but under higher magnification, it might (as far as anyone knows) resemble a completely different blowup. Whether this ever happens is perhaps the most fundamental question about singularities. We will discuss the proof of this long standing open question for MCF at all generic singularities and for mean convex MCF at all singularities. This is joint work with Toby Colding.
Adresse
McGill University, Burnside Hall, 805 rue Sherbrooke 0., Montréal, salle 92026 mars 2015 de 16 h 00 à 18 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
Left-orderings of groups and the topology of 3-manifolds
Many decades of work culminating in Perelman's proof of Thurston's geometrisation conjecture showed that a closed, connected, orientable, prime 3-dimensional manifold $W$ is essentially determined by its fundamental group $\pi_1(W)$. This group consists of classes of based loops in $W$ and its multiplication corresponds to their concatenation. An important problem is to describe the topological and geometric properties of $W$ in terms of $\pi_1(W)$. For instance, geometrisation implies that $W$ admits a hyperbolic structure if and only if $\pi_1(W)$ is infinite, freely indecomposable, and contains no $\mathbb Z \oplus \mathbb Z$ subgroups. In this talk I will describe recent work which has determined a surprisingly strong correlation between the existence of a left-order on $\pi_1(W)$ (a total order invariant under left multiplication) and the following two measures of largeness for $W$: a) the existence of a co-oriented taut foliation on $W$ - a special type of partition of $W$ into surfaces which fit together locally like a deck of cards. b) the condition that $W$ not be an Lspace - an analytically defined condition representing the non-triviality of its Heegaard-Floer homology. I will introduce each of these notions, describe the results which connect them, and state a number of open problems and conjectures concerning their precise relationship.
Adresse
McGill University, Burnside Hall, 805 rue Sherbrooke 0., Montréal, salle 92019 mars 2015 de 16 h 00 à 16 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
Integrable probability
Colloque par Alexei Borodin (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)
The goal of the talk is to survey the emerging field of integrable probability, whose goal is to identify and analyze exactly solvable probabilistic models. The models and results are often easy to describe, yet difficult to find, and they carry essential information about broad universality classes of stochastic processes.
Adresse
McGill University, Burnside Hall, 805 rue Sherbrooke 0., Montréal, salle 92012 mars 2015 de 16 h 00 à 18 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
The upper half-planes
Colloque par Pierre Colmez (CNRS & Paris VI Jussieu)
The upper half-planes (complex and p-adic) are very elementary objects, but they have a surprisingly rich structure that I will explore in the talk.
Adresse
CRM, UdeM, Pav. André-Aisenstadt, 2920, ch. de la Tour, salle 13605 mars 2015 de 16 h 00 à 18 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
Periods
Colloque par Sophie Morel (Princeton University)
We will discuss periods, in particular the periods conjecture of Kontsevich and Zagier and the relationship between formal periods and Nori motives.
Adresse
McGill University, Burnside Hall, 805 rue Sherbrooke 0., Montréal, salle 92026 février 2015 de 16 h 00 à 18 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
Categorification in representation theory
Colloque par Alistair Savage (University of Ottawa)
This will be an expository talk concerning the idea of categorification and its role in representation theory. We will begin with some very simple yet beautiful observations about how various ideas from basic algebra (monoids, groups, rings, representations etc.) can be reformulated in the language of category theory. We will then explain how this viewpoint leads to new ideas such as the "categorification" of the abovementioned algebraic objects. We will conclude with a brief synopsis of some current active areas of research involving the categorification of quantum groups. One of the goals of this idea is to produce four-dimensional topological quantum field theories. Very little background knowledge will be assumed.
Adresse
McGill University, Burnside Hall, 805 rue Sherbrooke 0., Montréal, salle 92019 février 2015 de 16 h 00 à 18 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
Irrationality proofs, moduli spaces and dinner parties
Colloque par Francis Brown (IHES, Bures-sur-Yvette)
After introducing an elementary criterion for a real number to be irrational, I will discuss Apery’s famous result proving the irrationality of zeta(3). Then I will give an overview of subsequent results in this field, and finally propose a simple geometric interpretation based on a classical dinner party game.
Adresse
CRM, UdeM, Pav. André-Aisenstadt, 2920, ch. de la Tour, salle 621412 février 2015 de 16 h 00 à 18 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
Influence des côtes sur les courants marins
Colloque par Laure Saint-Raymond (École normale supérieure, Paris)
Comprendre les mécanismes qui régissent la circulation océanique est un défi pour les géophysiciens, mais aussi pour les mathématiciens qui doivent développer de nouveaux outils d'analyse pour ces modèles complexes (qui font intervenir en particulier de très nombreuses échelles de temps et d'espace). Un mécanisme particulièrement important pour la circulation à l'échelle planétaire est le phénomène de couche limite qui explique une partie des échanges énergétiques. On montrera ici au travers d'un modèle très simplifié qu'il permet d'expliquer notamment l'intensification des courants de bord Ouest. On évoquera ensuite les difficultés mathématiques liées à la prise en compte de la géométrie. Note : l'exposé sera en anglais avec des transparents en français.
Adresse
McGill University, Burnside Hall, 805 rue Sherbrooke 0., Montréal, salle 9205 février 2015 de 16 h 00 à 16 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
Cobordism and Lagrangian topology
This talk aims to discuss how two different basic organizing principles in topology come together in the study of Lagrangian submanifolds. The first principle is cobordism and it emerged in topology in the 1950’s, mainly starting with the work of Thom. It was introduced in Lagrangian topology by Arnold in the 1970’s. The second principle is to reconstruct a subspace of a given space from a family of ``slices’’, each one obtained by intersecting the subspace with a member of a preferred class of special ``test’’ subspaces. For instance, a subspace of 3d euclidean space can be described as the union of all its intersections with horizontal planes. The key issue from this point of view is, of course, how to assemble all the slices together. The perspective that is central for my talk originates in the work of Gromov and Floer in the 1980’s: if the ambient space is a symplectic manifold M, and if the subspace to be described is a Lagrangian submanifold, then, surprisingly,the ``glue’' that puts the slices together in an efficient algebraic fashion is a reflection of the combinatorial properties of J-holomorphic curves in M. This point of view has been pursued actively since then by many researchers such as Hofer, Fukaya, Seidel leading to a structure called the Fukaya category. Through recent work of Paul Biran and myself, cobordism and the Fukaya category turn out to be intimately related and at the end of the talk I intend to give an idea about this relation.
Adresse
McGill University, Burnside Hall, 805 rue Sherbrooke 0., Montréal, salle 92029 janvier 2015 de 16 h 00 à 18 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
Spectres et pseudospectres
Colloque par Thomas Ransford (Université Laval)
Les valeurs propres sont parmi les notions les plus utiles en mathématiques: elles permettent la diagonalisation des matrices, elles décrivent l'asymptotique et la stabilité, elles donnent de la personnalité à une matrice. Cependant, lorsque la matrice en question n'est pas normale, l'analyse par des valeurs propres ne donne qu'une information très partielle, et peut même nous induire en erreur. Cet exposé se veut une introduction à la théorie des pseudospectres, un raffinement de la théorie spectrale standard qui s'est avéré utile dans des applications concernant des matrices non normales. Je vais m'intéresser surtout à la question suivante: À quel point les pseudospectres d'une matrice déterminent-ils le comportement de la matrice?
Adresse
McGill University, Burnside Hall, 805 rue Sherbrooke 0., Montréal, salle 92022 janvier 2015 de 16 h 00 à 18 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
On the usefulness of mathematics for insurance risk theory - and vice versa
Colloque par Hansjoerg Albrecher (HEC, Lausanne)
This talk is on applications of various branches of mathematics in the field of risk theory, a branch of actuarial mathematics dealing with the analysis of the surplus process of a portfolio of insurance contracts over time. At the same time such practical problems frequently trigger mathematical research questions, in some cases leading to remarkable identities and connections. Next to the close interactions with probability and statistics, examples will include the branches of real and complex analysis, algebra, symbolic computation, number theory and discrete mathematics.
Adresse
McGill University, Burnside Hall, 805 rue Sherbrooke 0., Montréal, salle 92015 janvier 2015 de 16 h 00 à 18 h 00 (heure de Montréal/HNE) Sur place
Functional data analysis and related topics
Colloque par Fang Yao (University of Toronto - Lauréat du Prix CRM-SSC)
Functional data analysis (FDA) has received substantial attention, with applications arising from various disciplines, such as engineering, public health, finance etc. In general, the FDA approaches focus on nonparametric underlying models that assume the data are observed from realizations of stochastic processes satisfying some regularity conditions, e.g., smoothness constraints. The estimation and inference procedures usually do not depend on merely a finite number of parameters, which contrasts with parametric models, and exploit techniques, such as smoothing methods and dimension reduction, that allow data to speak for themselves. In this talk, I will give an overview of FDA methods and related topics developed in recent years.
Adresse
CRM, UdeM, Pav. André-Aisenstadt, 2920, ch. de la Tour, salle 1360